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The choice of the best treatment method for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACFs) remains controversial. Using a network meta-analysis, this study aims to evaluate the radiographic characteristics, clinical effectiveness, and incision complications of nonoperative treatment, open reduction and internal fixation, minimally invasive reduction, and fixation. The studies were abstracted from Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata software. Seventeen RCTs involving 1297 participants with 1354 fractures were included. A total of 5 treatments-extensile lateral approach (ELA), minimally invasive longitudinal approach (MILA), sinus tarsi approach (STA), percutaneous reduction and fixation (PRF), and nonoperative treatment-were analyzed. The treatments were ranked based on Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Cundomized controlled trials focused on DIACFs are needed to further examine this conclusion.Arch height index (AHI) and arch height flexibility (AHF) are useful methods for evaluating foot structure. Although foot structure may be linked to intrinsic factors such as gender and load conditions, information on AHI and AHF in consideration of these factors is lacking. This study aimed to examine the effect of gender and load conditions on AHI and AHF. One hundred Japanese youths (50 males, 50 females) were recruited in this study. Arch height and truncated foot length were measured with an AHI measurement system. AHI was calculated for each load condition using truncated foot length and arch height. AHF was defined as the change in arch height from 10% to 50% of weightbearing load, and from 10% to 90% of weightbearing load. To satisfy the assumption of independence, only measurements from the right foot were analyzed. A gender × load condition interaction was found in AHI. AHI in all load conditions showed significant differences between the genders (p less then .001), and AHI of female participants was significantly less than that of male participants (p less then .001). In contrast, no significant gender × load condition interaction was noted in AHF, and only the main effect of the load condition was found (p less then .001). In AHI use, the effects of gender and load conditions must be considered, and AHF may be used considering only changes in load conditions. The results of this study provide useful information regarding which normative values of AHI and AHF should be used.Lateral column lengthening is a common method for treatment of patients with symptomatic flat feet. Although variations of the technique have been described by many authors, there is a lack of agreement about the exact location of the osteotomy. Most authors tried to find the interval between the anterior and middle talocalcaneal facets but did not offer a reproducible method to achieve this purpose. The use of a plantarflexion anteroposterior view of the foot provides better visualization of the anatomic landmarks and helps to precisely perform the osteotomy anterior to the sustentaculum tali, with protection of the anterior and middle talocalcaneal facets.Several biomechanical/cadaver studies have established a correlation between mechanism of injury and fracture classification in calcaneal fractures. However, this has never been backed up by clinical studies. In this study, the hypothesis is tested whether the alleged similar mechanism of injury for both feet in bilateral calcaneal fractures leads to similar fracture types. In this retrospective cross-sectional cohort study, patients with unilateral and bilateral calcaneal fractures treated between 2000 and 2017 were classified according to Essex-Lopresti and Sanders. Positive predictive values were computed, signifying the chance that the fracture type in the left foot corresponded to that in the right foot. These were compared to the a priori chance of a fracture type (percentage of fracture type in unilateral fractures) by constructing 95% confidence intervals of the positive predictive value of each fracture type. Of the 451 patients, 413 (91.6%) had unilateral and 38 (8.4%) bilateral calcaneal fractures. Mechanisms of injury were similar for uni- and bilateral fractures. Using the Essex-Lopresti fracture classification, 34 cases (90%) had the same classification in both feet, compared with 24 (63%) in the Sanders classification. The chance of a fracture type in the left, with the right foot as reference, was significantly larger than expected from a priori chance in the unilateral population. This leads to a new hypothesis, that, more than mechanism of injury, the magnitude of the impact and the position of the foot are important in predicting fracture classification in the calcaneus.<br />The accuracy of fetal echocardiography (FE) is not well defined, and reporting of diagnostic discrepancies (DDs) is not standardized. The authors applied a categorization scheme developed by the American College of Cardiology Quality Metric Working Group and applied it to FE.<br />A retrospective single-center study was conducted of prenatally diagnosed major structural congenital heart disease, defined as expected need for intervention within the first year of life. DDs between pre- and postnatal findings were identified and categorized. Minor DDs had no clinical impact, moderate DDs had impact without harm, and severe DDs resulted in adverse events. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with discrepancy.<br />From December 2008 to September 2017, 17,096 fetal echocardiograms were obtained, among which 222 fetuses with a median gestational age at first FE of 24weeks were included. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/i-138.html selleck compound] There were 30 DDs (13.5%), of which the majority were false negatives (56.7%). Most were minor orl comorbidities, and fellow as initial imager. A greater number of fetal echocardiograms was associated with reduced DD.<br />FE had a DD rate of 13.5%, mostly minor and moderate in severity. Factors associated with DD included high anatomic complexity, maternal comorbidities, fellow as the initial sonographer, and fewer fetal echocardiograms. Strategies to reduce DD could include a regular secondary review and repeat FE, particularly when anatomic complexity is high.<br />FE had a DD rate of 13.5%, mostly minor and moderate in severity. Factors associated with DD included high anatomic complexity, maternal comorbidities, fellow as the initial sonographer, and fewer fetal echocardiograms. Strategies to reduce DD could include a regular secondary review and repeat FE, particularly when anatomic complexity is high.