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This negative moderating role is more marked among widowed males than females. In contrast, greater wealth, particularly from non-financial assets, is associated with earlier psychological adjustment among males. For females, mental health in widowhood shows little difference by wealth. These findings suggest that social capital may not be sufficient to protect deteriorations in mental health among widowed individuals, and that the pursuit of alternative avenues may be especially important among the less wealthy. RATIONALE Population aging in Japan has been accompanied by increases in those with visual impairment. No previous study has examined whether visual impairment is associated with reduced social participation in older people in Japan. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, questionnaires were mailed to older people living in 39 Japanese communities in 2016. Data from 24,313 respondents (70.3%, 74.0 ± 6.2 years) included information on visual status, social participation, socioeconomic status, and health. Visual status was measured by self-report (excellent, very good, good, or fair/poor). RESULTS The prevalence of visual impairment (fair/poor) was 9.3%. After adjusting for individual covariates in multinominal logistic regression analysis with multiple imputations, visual status was significantly associated with reduced participation (once a week or more) in volunteer groups, sports groups, hobby groups, neighborhood associations, study/cultural groups, health promotion groups, and involvement in teaching skills/passing on experiences to others (p for trend less then 0.01). [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/d609.html D609 cell line] On the other hand, participation in senior citizen clubs was not associated with visual status (p for trend = 0.07). While excellent/very good vision was associated with increased volunteerism (e.g., involvement in teaching skills/passing on experiences to others Odds ratios (OR) 1.78/1.21), poor vision disrupted participation in activities that require physical activity (e.g., sports groups OR 0.64). CONCLUSION These results suggest that vision status is an important determinant of social participation among older adults in Japan. OBJECTIVE To examine the effectiveness of interventions using the World Health Organization Health Promoting Schools (HPSs) framework approach in increasing physical activity (PA) and improving the diet of 11-18-year-olds. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review guided by the National Health Services Centre for Reviews and Dissemination framework and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. METHODS Nine databases and trial registries were searched from 2013 to 2018 for cluster randomised controlled trials involving adolescents' aged 11-18 years. We also included relevant studies from a 2014 Cochrane Review of HPS approach on health behaviours. Data were extracted from included studies and assessed for quality. RESULTS Twelve eligible studies were identified from seven countries. The studies varied in outcome measures, sample size, quality and duration of intervention and follow-up. Only four of the included studies were of high to moderate quality. We found some evidence of effectiveness for physical activity only interventions and limited evidence of effectiveness for nutrition only and combined PA and nutrition interventions. CONCLUSIONS There were no discernible patterns across the studies to suggest effective mechanisms for the HPS approach. The family/community component was poorly developed and superficially reported in all studies. Future research should seek to understand how best to work in partnership with secondary schools, to foster and sustain a healthy eating and physical activity culture, which aligns with their core aims. More attention should be paid to the restriction of unhealthy foods in the school environment. BACKGROUND Children with specific learning disabilities (SLD) have been observed to face participation restrictions in their daily life. AIMS This study aims to examine the participation and environmental features of children with SLD compared to non-disabled children. METHODS AND PROCEDURES This study was designed as a case-controlled study. Parents of children between 5 and 17 years of age with SLD (n = 90) and those who are non-disabled (n = 88) were included in this study to do the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY). RESULTS Differences between groups were found statistically significant in home, school, and community settings between both participation and environmental features (p less then 0.05). Children with SLD participated less frequently in school settings and were less involved in activities in home and school settings. Parents of children with SLD desired more change in their child's participation in all settings. Environmental factors were significantly more likely to be identified as barriers in the participation of children with SLD. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study provides information about participation patterns and environmental factors for many children with SLD. The results provide insights into a rehabilitation program that may improve the participation of children with SLD, and on where greater efforts are needed to support participation and environmental features for children with SLD. In this work, the electrochemical degradation of antibiotic ceftazidime has been studied using a novel rare earth metal Ce and carbon nanotubes codoped PbO2 electrode. A competitively high oxygen evolution potential (2.4&nbsp;V) and enhanced catalytic surface area were obtained, evidence by LSV and CV electrochemical characterization. The G/CNT-Ce/PbO2-Ce electrode possessed a more compact structure and a smaller grain size than the other PbO2 and Ce-PbO2 electrodes, exhibiting a prolonged service lifetime, evidence by accelerated lifespan test and recycling degradation experiment. As electrolysis time reached 120&nbsp;min, the removal efficiency of ceftazidime and TOC arrived at 100.0% and 54.2% respectively in 0.05&nbsp;M Na2SO4 solution containing 50&nbsp;mg⋅L-1 ceftazidime. The effect of applied current density, pH value, initial ceftazidime concentration and chloride contents on the degradation performance were systematically evaluated. The results demonstrated that electrochemical oxidation of ceftazidime over the G/CNT-Ce/PbO2-Ce electrode was highly effective, and the mineralization rate was greatly improved, compared with pristine PbO2 electrode.