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2% for very preterm infants. Term-equivalent MRI detected previously undiagnosed c-PVL in 16.7% of the 24 patients that received MRI; all infants with new c-PVL on MRI had severe IVH on early HUS.Conclusion Following negative early HUS, late HUS detected significant new abnormalities in one infant. These data suggest that in a unit with low prevalence of c-PVL, 30-day HUS may have limited clinical utility following negative screening. In infants with abnormal early HUS, clinicians should consider obtaining term-equivalent MRI screening to detect c-PVL.In 2018, the American Academy of Pediatrics warned consumers over the increasing use of imported infant formulas. The purpose of this study was to assess the usage of imported European infant formula among parents in a large urban private practice. An anonymous survey was distributed at well-child appointments to a convenience sample of parents at an urban private pediatric practice from November 2017 to March 2018. Of the 750 eligible respondents, 552 (74%) completed the survey. Of the parents using formula, 20% were using imported European infant formulas. The most commonly used formula was Holle (33%), and 72% were acquired from web-based third-party vendors. Parents chose to use these formulas because they believed that European formulas contained better ingredients. Only 8% of parents received information about European infant formula from their pediatricians. Pediatricians need to be aware of these formulas and their risks to educate families on the use and safety of these formulas.Objectives. The available literature on pulmonary disease in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease is limited. We evaluated the prevalence of pulmonary manifestations in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease and their association with disease severity. Methods. Patients completed the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), a self-reported measure of quality of life in patients with pulmonary disease. Chart review provided demographic information and Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI) and Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index scores. Regression models were utilized to evaluate associations between SGRQ score and clinical risk factors. Results. The prevalence of pulmonary manifestations was 9.62% (95% confidence interval = 5.48% to -15.36%). PCDAI scores in Crohn's disease patients with pulmonary symptoms were significantly higher (SGRQ mean = 10.71 ± 10.94) than in patients without such symptoms. SGRQ score was also higher in patients with indeterminate colitis (8.64, 95% confidence interval = 0.72-16.57, P = .03), when compared with Crohn's disease. Conclusions. Additional investigations including pulmonary function tests and imaging could provide further insight into this issue.Our lab has developed a lab-on-a-chip platform for bone remodeling that enables long-term culturing of bone cells out to 7&nbsp;weeks and serves as a foundation toward a multicellular organ-on-a-chip system. Here, we optimized culturing protocols for osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes within the lab-on-a-chip and performed functional activity assays for quantifying bone formation and resorption. We analyzed cell seeding densities, feeding schedules and time in culture as a basis for optimizing culturing protocols. Further, we addressed concerns of sterility, cytotoxicity and leakage during the extended culture period within the polydimethylsiloxane chip. This system provides a method for quantifying the soluble effects of mechanically stimulated osteocytes on bone remodeling (formation/resorption).Generally, filing a formal report of family violence is considered a difficult task, although it is the main source from which police can take action. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors predicting the intention to formally report family violence in South Korea, based on Black's theory of law. The data were drawn from the National Survey of Domestic Violence, collected from a representative sample of 5777 members of the South Korean population. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gpna.html GPNA manufacturer] The results indicated that people generally showed a greater intention to report violence that they witnessed in other families as opposed to their own family. Perceived gender roles and information about institutions where individuals might seek help for family violence were the strongest negative and positive predictors of the intention to report, respectively. The findings can be used as evidence when developing public education and practical guidelines to promote official reporting of family violence.Furan (C4H4O) is a volatile, heterocyclic and carcinogenic heterocyclic chemical compound occurring in a wide range of thermally processed foods. Several studies have been conducted to analyze the formation conditions, triggering furan formation via model systems. Furan can be encountered via various pathways including thermal degradation, oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, thermal rearrangement of carbohydrates in the presence of amino acids, thermal degradation of certain amino acids. Furan has been proven to cause cancer in experimental animal models and classified as a possible human carcinogen by International agency for research on cancer based on sufficient evidences. Thus, different strategies should be developed to reduce furan contents in commercially available food stuffs while food processing. This review summarizes some current evidences of furan formation from different precursors, analytical methods for its detection, and its toxicity that might lead to carcinogenicity and genotoxicity with human risk assessment. In addition, furan occurrence in different thermally processed foods entailed by several recent studies as well as furan mitigation strategies during food processing have also been illustrated in this review.OBJECTIVES This study examined the association between pure tone hearing sensitivity and music listening behaviors among traditional college-aged students and sought to determine factors that mediate hearing sensitivity, including health and fitness levels, gender, and personal listening device (PLD) use. METHODS A convenience sample of college students (N = 182; 133 females, 49 males, mean age = 19.8 ± 1.4 year, average PLD use = 1.52 ± 7.1 hours•day-1) completed hearing assessments, music listening behavior questionnaires, and health and fitness tests. RESULTS Most students listened to music at safe intensity levels ( less then 80 dBA), though 18% had higher hearing levels (≥25 dB HL at one of the measured frequencies). Longer listening duration behavior approached but did not reach a statistical association with compromised hearing sensitivity. Of all variables measured, including cardiovascular health, fitness, and music listening, two variables total cholesterol triglycerides (TCTG) and total cholesterol high-density lipoproteins (TCHDL) significantly associated with hearing sensitivity at 2 kHz.