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Sleep bruxism is a complicated disease, and its cause remains controversial. If the etiology of bruxism is resolved, the treatment can be adjusted to the prevailing aetiological factor. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress level and serum prolidase activity in patients with sleep bruxism.<br />Seventy healthy subjects and 51 patients with sleep bruxism were included in this study, and blood samples from all patients were collected. Serum samples were analyzed for total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and prolidase activity.<br />The prolidase, TOS, and OSI levels were significantly higher in patients with bruxism than in the healthy controls (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). The TAS level was significantly lower in bruxism patients than in healthy controls (p = 0.003).<br />The increased TOS, OSI, and prolidase levels and decreased TAS levels could be assumed to result in oxidative injury in patients with sleep bruxism. However, the study could not determine whether oxidative imbalance and increased serum prolidase levels could be a cause or a result of bruxism.<br />The increased TOS, OSI, and prolidase levels and decreased TAS levels could be assumed to result in oxidative injury in patients with sleep bruxism. However, the study could not determine whether oxidative imbalance and increased serum prolidase levels could be a cause or a result of bruxism.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)is a major type of primary liver cancer. It is one of the major causes of cancer-related death in the world,because of its high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Surgical resection is currently the major treatment measure for early-and middle-stage patients. Because most patients have already missed the opportunity for surgery when the disease is confirmed, conservative chemotherapy (drug treatment)is still an important method of comprehen-sive treatment for patients with middle-and late-stage liver cancer. However, the presence of multidrugs resistance(MDR)in patients with HCC severely reduces the treatment effect and becomes an important obstacle to the success of chemothera-py. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)is an important biomarker for the diagnosis of HCC. The expression levels of serum AFP in many patients with HCC increase, and the persistently increased AFP level is a risk factor for HCC progression. Many stud-ies have indicated that AFP functions as an immune suppressor, and AFP can promotes malignant transformation during HCC development and might be involved in the process of MDR in patients with liver cancer. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Pyroxamide(NSC-696085).html NSC696085] This review describes the drug resistance mechanisms during drug treatment of HCC,and reviews the relationship between the mechanism of AFP in the development and progression of HCC andHCC drug resistance.<br />Aside from its pervasiveness, whereby it affects as much as 20% of the world's population, depression continues to be one of the most crucial psychiatric problems due to the loss of power it causes by disrupting daily life functioning, containing economic consequences, and having a high suicidal tendency. Major depression (MD) is a systemic and multifactorial disorder involving complex interactions between genetic predisposition and disturbances of various molecular pathways.<br />In our current study, we aimed to identify the proteins obtained from serum samples that change during depression with the MD model.<br />The MD model was applied through the forced swim test in rats. 14 Winstar Albino male rats were divided into two equal groupsas follows depression and control groups. Serum samples were separated by chromatographic methods and then compared with two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis.<br />A total of 9 potential diagnostic protein sequences were identified, which were distinguished with computer soft-ware. During the last phase of the study,the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization -Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis, the previous expression sequences identified among the groups were determined and classified. By comparing protein expressions, it was concluded that 9 different points could be used together as a potential biomarker.<br />Results can help us identify a new diagnostic system that can be used to diagnose MD.<br />Results can help us identify a new diagnostic system that can be used to diagnose MD.Escherichia coli has been most widely used for production of the recombinant proteins. Over-expression of the recombinant proteins is the mainspring of the inclusion bodies formation. The refolding of these proteins into bioactive forms is cumbersome and partly time-consuming. In the present study, we reviewed and discussed most issues regarding the recovery of "classical inclusion bodies" by focusing on our previous experiences. Performing proper methods of expression, solubilization, refolding and final purification of these proteins, would make it possible to recover higher amounts of pro-teins into the native form with appropriate conformation. Generally, providing mild conditions and proper refolding buffers, would lead to recover more than 40% of inclusion bodies into bioactive and native conformation.Forensic DNA Phenotyping (FDP) is a set of techniques that aim to infer externally visible characteristics in humans - such as eye, hair and skin color - and biogeographical ancestry of an unknown person, based on biological material. FDP has been applied in various jurisdictions in a limited number of high-profile cases to provide intelligence for criminal investigations. There are on-going controversies about the reliability and validity of FDP, which come together with debates about the ethical challenges emerging from the use of this technology in the criminal justice system. Our study explores how, in the context of complex politics of legitimation of and contestation over the use of FDP, forensic geneticists in Europe perceive this technology's potential applications, utility and risks. Forensic geneticists perform several forms of discursive boundary work, making distinctions between science and the criminal justice system, experts and non-experts, and good and bad science. Such forms of boundary work reconstruct the complex positioning vis-à-vis legal and scientific realities.