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by National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology.Background The chaperone activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Acr is an important function that helps to prevent misfolding of protein substrates inside the host, especially in conditions of hypoxia. Objectives The aim of this study was to establish the correlation of structure and function of recombinant Acr proteins both before and after gel filtration chromatography. The aim was also to find the oligomeric conformation of these samples and use this information to explain differences in activit. Material and Methods M. tuberculosis acr gene was cloned with an N-terminal His-tag in pET28a and expressed with IPTG induction in BL2 (DE3) competent Escherichia coli. The activity of a recombinant Acr without gel filtration was checked by preventing thermal aggregation of citrate synthase at 45°C and the chaperone activity against insulin B chain aggregation at 60°C and 37°C. On further purification using gel filtration chromatography, the protein was again tested for chaperone activity using insulin as substraton studies showed influence of size of oligomers on molecular coverage of insulin B chain. Pre-heat treatment improved the activity only after the gel filtration. Conclusions The larger proportion of monomers in the non gel-filtered sample could explain the difference in activity as compared to the gel-filtered samples in terms of molecular interaction with insulin. Increased oligomer size favorably affected secondary structure, a finding not reported so far, and warranting further investigation. A molecular level interaction of inhibition was predicted using Avogadro number of molecules and oligomer size. The difference in activity after pre-heat treatment seemed to indicate an important role for oligomerization. Copyright © 2019 The Author(s); Published by National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology.Background In Archaea, previous studies have revealed the presence of multiple intron-containing tRNAs and split tRNAs. The full unexpurgated analysis of archaeal tRNA genes remains a challenging task in the field of bioinformatics, because of the presence of various types of hidden tRNA genes in archaea. Here, we suggested a computational method that searched for widely separated genes encoding tRNA halves to generate suppressive variants of missing tRNAs. Objectives The exploration of tRNA genes from a genome with varying hypotheses, among all three domain of life (eukaryotes, bacteria and archaea), has been rapidly identified in different ways in the field of bioinformatics. Like eukaryotic tRNA genes, it has been established that two separated regions of the coding sequence of a tRNA gene are essential and sufficient for promotion of transcription. Our objective is to find out the two essential regions in the genome sequence which comprises two halves of the hidden tRNAs. Material and Methods Considering of Metallosphaera sedula DSM 5348, Desulfurococcus kamchatkensis 1221n and Ignicoccus hospitalis KIN4/I in archaea by our algorithm revealed that a number of hybrid tRNAs are constructed from different tDNAs . Asymmetric combination of 5' and 3' tRNA halves may have generated the diversity of tRNA molecules. Our study of hybrid tRNA genes will provide a new molecular basis for upcoming tRNA studies. Copyright © 2019 The Author(s); Published by National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology.Background Salinity is a major environmental limiting factor, which affect agricultural production. The two Manilkara seedlings (M. roxburghiana and M. zapota) with high economic importance, could not adapt well to higher soil salinity and little is known about their proteomic mechanisms. Objectives The mechanisms responsible for the effects of salinity on the two Manilkara species leaves were examined by means of proteomic analysis. Material and Methods The seedlings were cultivated in a greenhouse and treated with NaCl. Leaves of control and the salt-stressed seedlings were sampled for phenol protein extraction. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectroscopy to study the change of proteins under different NaCl concentration. Results For M. roxburghiana leaves, 21 protein spots exhibited significant abundance variations between the control and the 6‰, 8‰ NaCl treatments, of these 13 proteins were identified. They included L-ascorbate peroxidase, chloroplast carbnging from 15 to 42 kDa. Copyright © 2019 The Author(s); Published by National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology.Background Using Brucella abortus Strain 19 (S19) to control bovine brucellosis is restricted due to induce antibodies to the O-side chain of the smooth lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which may be difficult to differentiate vaccinated and infected animals. Furthermore, it is virulent for humans and can induce abortion to cattle. Objectives The aim of this study was to employ gene knockout B. abortus S19 for the first time to eliminate diagnostic defects and obtain the attenuated mutant strain. Material and Methods The wbkA gene, which is one of the LPS O-chain coding genes, was knocked out in vaccinal Brucella abortus S19. The proliferative response and immunoglobulin M production were analyzed in wbkA deletion strain-infected BALB/c mice. Results The loss of wbkA gene function resulted in induction of the splenocyte proliferative response in mice infected by the mutant S19 strain compare to those induced by parental S19 and RB51 strains. Moreover, wbkA mutant did not induce any IgM antibody response using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Conclusions As a result, the new mutant S19 strain had deficiency in its LPS O-chain structure, besides cannot induce IgM response then, reduce mistakes to discriminate between vaccinated and infected animal, and also can be considered as a new vaccine candidate. Copyright © 2019 The Author(s); Published by National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology.Background DNA markers are inevitable tools of human identification in forensic science. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are one category of these markers which is concerned to use especially in the case of degraded DNA because of their short amplicons. Objectives Detection of highly informative SNPs by the criteria is the essential step to develop a useful panel of SNP markers. The purpose of this work is to get high informative SNPs for human identification in Persian ethnic of the Iranian population. Material and Methods Genotype and allele frequencies of 10 SNPs from the SNPforID browser were determined by a PCR-RFLP method on 100 samples that was taken from 100 unrelated Persian people. Results These ten SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P value &gt; 0.1) except rs1355366 (P value = 0.02) and Heterozygosity of seven SNPs is greater than 0.45 but minor allele frequency of only four SNPs is more than 0.45. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/calcium-folinate.html see more] According to criteria only three SNPs rs1454361, rs2111980 and rs2107612 can pass all standards and are highly informative in population for forensic uses.