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on-making.Surgical ventricular reconstruction is a proven option for treating patients who have heart failure due to a postinfarction scar or an aneurysm of the left ventricle. The BioVentrix Revivent TC System offers a reliable alternative to the conventional, more invasive surgical ventricular restoration. The system requires no sternotomy, no heart-lung machine, and no cardioplegic arrest. In this video tutorial, we present our technique for using the Revivent TC System to reconstruct the normal left ventricular shape and volume in a patient with a postinfarction, anteroapical scar.The thoracoscopic approach to lobectomy is now the gold standard in cases of pulmonary malignancies because it is associated with a significant reduction in both postoperative hospital stay and pain. Even in cases of complex resection, as in the case reported here, the procedure can be performed safely after careful pre-operative planning. This video tutorial describes our technique for the intrapericardial isolation of the left inferior pulmonary vein in a patient affected by a left lower lobe metastasis from a colonic carcinoma. The lesion was retracting the inferior vein to such an extent that an intrapericardial approach was required in order to obtain a radical resection. The operation was carried out using a 3-port technique to allow for safe and unhindered manipulation of the hilar structures and the parenchyma. The pericardial sac was easily opened and the feasibility of the procedure was readily confirmed. The patient made an uneventful recovery; specifically, we did not record any arrhythmia or hemodynamic instability. She was discharged home on the 4th postoperative day.Atrial fibrillation is becoming a disease that needs to be addressed with definitive long-term treatment as opposed to medical management options. Ablation or isolation of focal triggers around the pulmonary veins can eliminate arrhythmia substrates for patients with paroxysmal, lone atrial fibrillation. However, limited pulmonary vein isolation strategies do not address reentrant circuits common in persistent and longstanding persistent patients with structural heart disease and enlarged atria. The convergent procedure is a hybrid ablation treatment for atrial fibrillation. It consists of surgical ablation of the posterior left atrium through a minimally invasive closed-chest approach followed by endocardial catheter ablation. The convergent procedure was developed to treat atrial fibrillation by creating a complete and comprehensive pattern of linear lesions on the left atrial backwall under direct endoscopic visualization while avoiding chest incisions and deflation of the lungs. Endocardial ablation follows the epicardial procedure to confirm lesion integrity and supplement the epicardial procedure, which is performed in a staged fashion.The development of a postmyocardial infarction ventricular septal rupture is an uncommon but frequently fatal complication. Mortality with medical treatment only is extremely high. Septal rupture results in a left-to-right shunt, with right ventricular volume overload, increased pulmonary blood flow, and secondary volume overload of the left atrium and ventricle. Surgical treatment consists of excluding rather than excising the infarcted septum and ventricular walls. This is accomplished by performance of a left ventriculotomy through the infarcted muscle and securing a glutaraldehyde-fixed bovine pericardium patch to the endocardium of the left ventricle all around the infarcted myocardium.Excessive sweating in the hands, feet, and armpits is a difficult problem for people who suffer from it and is an increasingly frequent reason for consulting a thoracic surgeon. The existing medical treatments are only palliative, so primary hyperhidrosis is a definite indication for thoracic sympathectomy. This video tutorial shows in detail the 2-port videothoracoscopic surgical technique performed by our surgical team.The uniportal approach to an en bloc complete lymphadenectomy is significantly more challenging than a multiportal approach or a thoracotomy because of the limited angulation available to the surgeon and the limited number of usable surgical instruments. Because of these limitations, it is very important to completely master the specific surgical steps in order to achieve success. Additionally, it is important to make sure the lymph nodes remain structurally intact, taking care not to cause damage by grasping them during lymphadenectomy, in order to prevent the dissemination of malignant cells into the thorax. In this video tutorial, we demonstrate our surgical technique for lymphadenectomy in the right upper (2R/4R) or lower (7/8/9) mediastinal zone, which is suitable for a uniportal approach, and explain the nuances of performing it.<br />Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes adult-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (AORRP), but AORPP prevalence is much lower than HPV prevalence. Thus, HPV infection is necessary, but not sufficient, to cause AORRP and other factors likely contribute to its pathogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate whether co-infection with herpetic viruses may contribute to the pathogenesis of AORRP.<br />Prospective case-control study conducted from January 2018 to November 2019.<br />Tertiary referral centre.<br />Eighteen consecutive patients with AORRP and 18 adults with healthy laryngeal mucosa (control group) undergoing surgery.<br />Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, human herpesvirus 6, varicella zoster virus and HPV (including genotyping) were detected in biopsies of papilloma or healthy mucosa using real-time polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blot. Dysplasia and Ki67 levels were determined in papilloma specimens.<br />EBV was present in 6 (33.3%) AORRP patients and no control patients (P=.019). Presence was not dependent on tobacco exposure (P=.413) or HPV genotype or concentration (P&gt;.999). EBV presence was strongly related to increased cell proliferation (P=.005) and number of previous surgeries (P=.039), but not dysplasia (P&gt;.999). [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cx-5461.html Selleck CX-5461] Human herpesvirus 6 was found in 3 (16.7%) AORRP biopsies, with one false positive. No other herpetic virus was found.<br />Unlike other herpetic viruses, EBV seems to interact with HPV, enhancing cell proliferation and contributing to the pathogenesis and progression of AORRP. Further research is required to elucidate specific interactions and their role in the pathogenesis of AORRP.<br />Unlike other herpetic viruses, EBV seems to interact with HPV, enhancing cell proliferation and contributing to the pathogenesis and progression of AORRP. Further research is required to elucidate specific interactions and their role in the pathogenesis of AORRP.