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In today's political borders of the Republic of Turkey there exists very old institutions that train physicians according to Islamic medical science. In this study, 19 health institutions, whose locations have been determined and documents have been finalized, are approached in chronological order and classified according to historical periods XIIth-XIIIth centuries (Seljukian period) - 10; XIVth century (Ilkhanate dominion) - 1; XVth-XVIIth centuries (Ottoman period) - 8 institutions. Some of them have a history of 900 years (Konya Maristan-ı Atik, 1113; Mardin Eminüddin Bimaristanı, 1122). Some of them are in the form of a medical madrasah and an application hospital (Kayseri, 1206; Sivas, 1217). In these institutions, great masters of Islamic medicine (Razi, Farabi, Biruni, İbni Sina) and ancient authorities (Hippocrates, Dioscorides, Aretaeus, Galenos) were taught. They had builders, rulers (sultan, melik) or mothers, wives, daughters, sisters (the presence of female builders in 6 institutions attracts atal patients, some of them were devastated by neglect. In the Republic period, they have been restored and used for health and educational purposes.The potential of IgG antibodies as allergy regulators has been discussed for decades and was brought to light that anti-allergen IgG is related to allergy inhibition in children during the first years of life and that IgG repertoire can differ between atopic and non-atopic individuals. Here, we aimed to evaluate in vitro the differential effects of purified IgG from atopic and non-atopic individuals on the production of IL-4, IL-17, and IL-22 by human intra-thymic and mature peripheral CD8+ T cells respectively termed as TC2, TC17, and TC22 cells. We additionally evaluated the IFN-ã production by CD8+ T cells. Thereupon we used infants thymic tissues from non-atopic mothers and blood samples from individuals clinically classified as non-atopic. Thymocytes or PBMCs were cultured with IgG from atopic or non-atopic individuals. As controls, we used commercial IgG (Intravenous immunoglobulin - IVIg) or mock condition. The phenotype and intracellular cytokine production were evaluated using flow cytometry. IgG from atopic individuals could increase the frequency of TC2 cells in non-atopic infant thymic and adult peripheral cell cultures compared to all control conditions. Due to the TC2 cell's potential to collaborate with pathology and severity of asthma in humans, this evidence can cooperate with the understanding of the development of an atopic state.The 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted the social, economical and medical system worldwide. Although it is strictly an infectious disease, its intricate bidirectional relationship with various non-communicable metabolic diseases and endocrinological factors has been observed. While diabetes, hypertension, obesity have been found to be independent risk factors for COVID-19 disease severity and mortality, more inclination towards sedentary lifestyle, psychosocial stress at this critical time may be the harbingers of metabolic syndrome. Thus, endocrinologists have a great opportunity to play their role to combat this pandemic. This paper examines how various endocrinological disorders influence the dynamics of COVID-19 and vice versa. Moreover, it also intends to review the clinical guidelines to be adopted in practice of endocrinology in this trying time.The COVID-19 outbreak is having a significant impact on both cardiac rehabilitation (CR) inpatient and outpatient healthcare organization. The variety of clinical and care scenarios we are observing in Italy depends on the region, the organization of local services and the hospital involved. Some hospital wards have been closed to make room to dedicated beds or to quarantine the exposed health personnel. In other cases, CR units have been converted or transformed into COVID-19 units. The present document aims at defining the state of the art of CR during COVID-19 pandemic, through the description of the clinical and management scenarios frequently observed during this period and the exploration of the future frontiers in the management of cardiac rehabilitation programs after the COVID-19 outbreak.The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak started in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread all over the world leading to declaration of a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th March 2020. Most countries around the world have been on lockdown in an effort to halt the spread of virus. People around the world have been pushed into uncharted waters of uncertainty, fear, anxiety, stress and depression due to economic crash down, job losses and fear for their own health and that of their loved ones. There is a known association between anxiety/stress and sleep disturbances and vice versa. The most vulnerable population in this isolation like condition, in this lockdown, are the chief earning member of the family, women, young ones, and people with psychiatric illness.The number of patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants is increasing worldwide. Although bleeding complications associated with direct oral anticoagulants are lower than those associated with vitamin K antagonists, the increased number of patients treated with these anticoagulants suggests that a higher absolute number of patients are at risk. Tube thoracostomy is an invasive procedure with a high risk of bleeding. To date, among direct oral anticoagulants, only dabigatran has a well-studied antidote to reverse its effects during emergency procedure or surgery. This report describes a case in which emergency placement of a tube thoracostomy, in a patient with type 2 respiratory failure due to left tension pneumothorax and receiving the anticoagulant rivaroxaban, in the pharmacokinetics phase with greater anticoagulant effect, did not result in bleeding greater than that typically encountered during such interventions. The procedure ended successfully with no acute complications.Osteoporosis is defined as an aging-related skeletal disorder involving deterioration of bone mass and bone structure, and consequently, increased risk of fractures. Emerging evidence indicates the dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the progression of osteoporosis. However, whether such associated miRNAs control osteoblast differentiation or constitute therapeutic targets remains elusive. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/epacadostat-incb024360.html Epacadostat] In the present study, we found elevated circulating miR-374b-5p level associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis. miR-374b-5p served as a critical suppressor of osteoblast differentiation. We further identified that miR-374b-5p directly targeted Wnt family member 3 (Wnt3) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) through its 3'-untranslated regions (3'UTRs). Moreover, the antagonist of miR-374b-5p could promote bone formation in ovariectomy (OVX)-induced mice. Together, our results revealed that miR-374b-5p directly targeted Wnt3 and Runx2, negatively regulating osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Collectively, circulating miR-374b-5p in the serum might serve as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis.