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The heart is the central organ of the circulatory system which maintains the flow of blood along with the transport of nutrients to different cells and tissues. A well-functioning cardiac state is a complicated mode of changeability. A healthy heart is not only about oscillation as the rhythmometer is not the same in every circumstance. Heart rate shows variations so that it can be regulated according to psychophysiological conditions to maintain the effect of the internal-external stimulus.<br />The main objective of this review is to provide a piece of all-inclusive information about heart rate variability (HRV) and different variables affecting HRV. The direct interconnection among factors and so that HRV can be used in clinical practices.<br />This review article contains a detailed survey of literature about HRV available in different online sources such as; Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Web of Science, etc. In this review, the authors have focused on the role of the autonomic nervous system in to regulate HRV. High HRV is associated with healthy condition while low HRV is associated with pathological conditions. The HRV is influenced by various variables such as; pathological, physiological, psychological, environmental factors, lifestyle factors, and genetic factors, etc.<br />Coronary artery disease (CAD) represents approximately 390 thousand deaths per year in Brazil and is associated, among other predictors, with the use of anabolic and androgenic steroids (AAS).<br />To analyze a clinical case of a patient who suffered AMI after abuse of AAS. A systematic literature review has been carried out to physiologically analyze the main factors that can lead to AMI with the use of these hormones.<br />Case Report The EVR patient, 41 years old, denies any comorbidities or use of medications. He has been admitted to the emergency room due to typical angina-precordial pain in tightness associated with eventual back pain and paresthesia of both upper limbs, after intense physical effort at the gym, without improvement at rest, and with partial improvement after first care at the health unit. The patient was hypertensive in an emergency bed after the occurrence of ST elevation. The patient alleges the use of anabolic steroids for one month. The patient presented with obstructive atherosclerotic coronary artery disease with total occlusion of the anterior descending artery. Systematic review A total of 89 clinical studies have been compared and submitted to eligibility analysis, with 50 studies selected, according to the PRISMA rules.<br />AAS can increase protein synthesis, muscle growth, and erythropoiesis. However, abuse of AAS has a toxic cardiovascular effect, which significantly increases the incidence of cardiovascular diseases.<br />AAS can increase protein synthesis, muscle growth, and erythropoiesis. However, abuse of AAS has a toxic cardiovascular effect, which significantly increases the incidence of cardiovascular diseases.<br />HIV transmission during pregnancy and breastfeeding among serodiscordant heterosexual couples represents an ongoing barrier to elimination of vertical transmission of HIV-1 infection in Canada.<br />To report a case of vertical HIV transmission during breastfeeding and examine the prevalence of risk factors for HIV transmission in the pregnancy and postpartum periods among serodiscordant couples where the male partner is HIV positive and female partner HIV negative.<br />Case report and retrospective chart review of HIV-serodiscordant pregnant couples over an eight-year period in Edmonton, Canada.<br />We report a case of maternal primary HIV infection during the postpartum period and vertical transmission to a nursing infant that went undetected until the infant presented with AIDS. We also report a series of 41 serodiscordant pregnant couples identified by our public health nurse between 2008 and 2016. Among HIV-infected male partners, 20 (49%) had detectable viral load (VL) during their partner's pregnancy and during breastfeeding, with median peak VL 4,700 copies/mL (range 49-120,000) and 5,100 copies/mL (range 40-120,000) during pregnancy and breastfeeding, respectively. None of the female partners seroconverted during pregnancy, but three seroconverted at 1.8, 2.4, and 6.9 years after delivery. No vertical transmission occurred.<br />Despite concerted attempts to minimize HIV transmission during pregnancy and breastfeeding in our wellresourced setting, residual transmission risk remains due to non-suppressed viral load within many HIV-serodiscordant pregnant couples.<br />Despite concerted attempts to minimize HIV transmission during pregnancy and breastfeeding in our wellresourced setting, residual transmission risk remains due to non-suppressed viral load within many HIV-serodiscordant pregnant couples.Many unfavorable stress conditions, such as wounding, drought, extreme temperatures, salinity and pathogen attacks control growth, development and plant yield. To survive under such environments, plants have developed many strategies. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Rapamycin.html Rapamycin nmr] They are able to induce the expression of a large number of genes that encodes effectors, receptors, as well as signaling proteins and protective molecules. Among all, we find pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) which were found to be activated in response to a large number of biotic and abiotic threats. Those proteins have a wide range of functions; acting as chitinases, peroxidases, anti-microbial agents, hydrolases, protease inhibitors, and other activities. Activation of PR proteins has been demonstrated in different plant families as a response to different stresses. In this review, we have summarized the structural, biological and functional characteristics of the different PRs families in plants, their regulation, as well as their roles in plant defense against abiotic and biotic stresses.<br />Hypertension is a high prevalent chronic disease worldwide and a major cardiovascular risk factor. Oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olea-12-en-28-oic acid) is a wide distributed bioactive pentacyclic triterpenoid with diverse biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, hepaprotective anti-diabetic or anti-hypertensive.<br />The aim of this study was to review and highlight the available data about antihypertensive activity of oleanolic acid and the described mechanisms of action.<br />Extensive searches were made in the available literature on oleanolic acid and the data investigating its antihypertensive effects were analysed.<br />Most of research has been performed on animal models of hypertension, ex vivo studies with aortic ring and some in vitro tests with cell cultures, whereas clinical trials are still lacking. Treatment of hypertensive animals with oleanolic acid significantly ameliorated the rise in the systolic blood pressure. In addition, the hypotensive effects of oleanolic acid are also related to a potent diuretic-natriuretic activity and nephroprotection.