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A new subterranean species of pseudocrangonyctid amphipod, Pseudocrangonyx joolaei, is described from the groundwater of a cave in South Korea. Pseudocrangonyx joolaei sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by the number of sternal gills as well as a combination of the antennal sinus, the accessory flagellum of antenna 1, and the terminal article of uropod 3. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear 28S rRNA and histone H3, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA genes revealed that P. joolaei sp. nov. formed a clade with P. akatsukai Tomikawa Nakano, 2018 that inhabits limestone caves in the western Honshu island, Japan.The diversity of free-living aquatic nematodes is largely unknown for the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. The Cuban Archipelago is an important part of this because of its large area and diversity of habitats. We analyzed the free-living nematodes from 83 sites from seven aquatic habitats around Cuba, to produce a checklist for many habitats, including seagrass meadows, coral degradation zones, algal turf, bare sands, unvegetated muds, freshwater and anchihaline caves, and deep-sea sediments. The checklist contains 469 species, 229 genera, 50 families, and 9 orders. Chromadorida, Enoplida, and Monhysterida were the best represented orders with 112, 100, and 83 species respectively. The most abundant species were Euchromadora vulgaris, Terschellingia longicaudata, Desmodora pontica, Sabatieria pulchra , and Epsilonema sp. Most of the listed species were new records for the region. There were differences in the number of species recorded in each habitat type, with seagrass meadows having 280 species, coral degradation zones having 139 species, deep waters having 116 species, algal turf having 114 species, bare sands having 100 species, unvegetated muds having 78 species, freshwater caves having 19 species, anchihaline caves having 16 species, and freshwater streams having 6 species. The checklist is the most comprehensive recent report of the diversity of free-living nematodes in the regions of Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. The reported diversity is higher than many other regional checklists likely reflecting the intense sampling effort and the variety of microhabitats in Cuban Archipelago.Previous studies have shown that the genus Tagiades Hübner, 1819 is paraphyletic with regard to Daimio Murray, 1875 and/or Darpa Moore, 1866. In this study, we attempt to disentangle the relationships among these three genera based on an integrative approach including molecular data, morphological characters, and biological data from available sources. All evidence shows that Daimio and Tagiades are congeneric, isolated from Darpa. According to the rule of priority, Daimio (syn. n.) is a junior synonym of Tagiades. Therefore, we subsume tethys under Tagiades as Tagiades tethys (Ménétriés, 1875), comb. n.A new species of the Tatargina Butler, T. erythromelaena Bayarsaikhan Bae, n. sp., is described from Cambodia, with a recorded species, T. picta (Walker). Illustrations of adults and male genitalia of Cambodia and Thailand species are presented.A new species of Megarthrus Curtis is described from the Eastern slopes of the Andes in southeastern Peru (Department of Cuzco). Major diagnostic features are photographed and illustrated, and COI molecular barcode is given.One new species of Macropelopia Thienemann (Diptera Chironomidae Tanypodinae), M. (Macropelopia) patagonica sp. n. is described and figured as adult male. The specimens were collected from the Patagonian Andes, at San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina. In addition, the generic diagnosis of Macropelopia is emended for the adult male.A new species of the genus Sovia Evans, 1949, viz. S. liuzihaoi Huang Fan sp. nov. is described from Mt. Ailao, Xinping Yi and Dai Autonomous County, representing a remarkable geographically southward extension of this genus in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. In general appearance S. liuzihaoi Huang Fan sp. nov. resembles S. separata magna (Evans, 1932), but in our molecular phylogenetic analyses, this species is clustered with S. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/salinomycin.html https://www.selleckchem.com/products/salinomycin.html] lii Xue, 2015. The adults and male genitalia of the new species and related species are illustrated.Four new species of the genus Agrotera Schrank, 1802 are described from Hainan Island A. dentata sp. nov., A. protensa sp. nov., A. aculeata sp. nov. and A. robustispina sp. nov. Photographs of adults and genitalia are provided.This study on Korean cumaceans is based on the specimens collected from Geomun Island in Korea. The one species of the Genus Bodotria (Bodotriidae) is identified as new species, Bodotria paraspinifera sp. nov., which is similar to B. spinifera Gamô, 1986 in having the spinulose on body, dorso-lateral carina of carapace well-developed, carapace almost rectangular in dorsal view, carpus of pereopod 1 dilated, pereopod 2 without ischium, and uropod endopod uniarticulate. However, shape of carapace anterior portion, spinulose distribution pattern, and setae patterns and segment ratios of appendages are characteristics which serve to distinguish the new species from B. spinifera. Herein we described with full illustration containing information of the mouthparts for the new species. Also, a key to the Korean Bodotria species is provided.Afromelampsalta n. gen. is described for African species currently assigned to the genera Melampsalta Kolenati, 1857. Cicadetta Kolenati, 1857 and Pauropsalta Goding Froggatt, 1904, and the new species Afromelampsalta luteofasciata n. gen., n. sp. is described. Afromelampsalta aethiopica (Distant, 1905) n. comb., A. cadisia (Walker, 1850) n. comb. and A. leucoptera (Germar, 1830) n. comb. are reassigned from Melampsalta to Afromelampsalta n. gen., A. limitata (Walker, 1852) n. comb. is transferred from Cicadetta Kolenati, 1857 and A. mimica (Distant ,1907) n. comb. is transferred from Pauropsalta Goding Froggatt, 1904 to Afromelampsalta n. gen. Notes on the biology of the new species, a description of the exuvia of A. mimica n. comb., and a key to the species of African Cicadettini are provided.Megadrypta mirabilis n. gen. n. sp. from Guangdong (China) is described. The new genus is distinguished from all known genera by a combination of large body size, pronotal bead well marked, sloping shoulders, reduced hind wings, smooth claws and stylomeres, and a large number (7-8) of periscutellar pores. Some remarks are made upon the relationships with the other genera of Dryptini, raising to the genus rank the taxa Nesiodrypta Jeannel, 1949 and Prionodrypta Jeannel, 1949, formerly regarded as subgenera of Drypta Latreille, 1796. A new key to all the genera of this tribe is proposed.