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., stress and victimization) may be implicated in risks for both inhaled substance use and asthma. It is important that clinicians providing care to adolescents ask about sexual identity and inhaled substance use. Effective approaches to reducing inhaled substance use among adolescents, especially sexual minorities, are needed.Mass-spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is a powerful and robust platform for studying the interactions between biological systems during health and disease. Bacterial infections represent a significant threat to global health and drive the pursuit of novel therapeutic strategies to combat emerging and resistant pathogens. During infection, the interplay between a host and pathogen determines the ability of the microbe to survive in a hostile environment and promotes an immune response by the host as a protective measure. It is the protein-level changes from either biological system that define the outcome of infection, and MS-based proteomics provides a rapid and effective platform to identify such changes. In particular, proteomics detects alterations in protein abundance, quantifies protein secretion and (or) release, measures an array of post-translational modifications that influence signaling cascades, and profiles protein-protein interactions through protein complex and (or) network formation. Such information provides new insight into the role of known and novel bacterial effectors, as well as the outcome of host cell activation. In this Review, we highlight the diverse applications of MS-based proteomics in profiling the relationship between bacterial pathogens and the host. Our work identifies a plethora of strategies for exploring mechanisms of infection from dual perspectives (i.e., host and pathogen), and we suggest opportunities to extrapolate the current knowledgebase to other biological systems for applications in therapeutic discovery.<br />Self-harm is a common phenomenon amongst young people, often used to regulate emotional distress. Over the last decade harm reduction approaches to self-harm have been introduced as a means to minimize risk and reinforce alternative coping strategies. However, there is a stark absence of research into the perceived usefulness of such techniques amongst adolescents, and previous studies have highlighted ethical concerns about advocating 'safer' forms of self-harm. This study aimed to investigate the perceived usefulness of harm reduction techniques for adolescents who self-harm.<br />We purposively recruited current clients of a British early intervention program supporting young people in managing self-harm. We conducted semi-structured interviews and analyzed transcripts using thematic analysis.<br />Eleven interviews with service users aged 14-15 years identified three main themes (1) Controlling the uncontrollable; (2) Barriers to practising safer self-harm; and (3) Developing a broad repertoire of harm reductuggest harm reduction techniques have a place in self-harm management for some individuals, but their usage should be monitored and offered alongside alternative strategies and therapeutic support. Our study highlights the need for further research on who would benefit from these techniques and how they can be implemented successfully. HIGHLIGHTS Harm reduction can help people who self-harm manage distress and maintain autonomy People who self-harm have a broad repertoire of harm reduction techniques Harm reduction can help reduce long-term damage and frequency of self-harm.<br />"Carney Complex (CNC) is a familial lentiginosis syndrome, caused by<br />mutations that lead to cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling pathway abnormalities, predisposing to a variety of skin tumors, myxomas and endocrine tumors.<br />We describe a Greek family diagnosed with CNC after recurrent embolic strokes, secondary to left-sided atrial myxomas. There are limited cases in the literature describing this type of presentation for CNC; typically, most cases present with an endocrine syndrome. Our case serves as a reminder of this rare, underdiagnosed syndrome and its wide phenotypic spectrum. It is followed by a review of the current literature on cases with cerebrovascular disease as a manifestation of CNC.<br />The co-occurrence of emboligenic cardiac myxomas and skin lesions should be an indication for screening for CNC.<br />The co-occurrence of emboligenic cardiac myxomas and skin lesions should be an indication for screening for CNC.<br />In patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), weakness of the upper limb (UL) muscles has a significant impact on daily activities and body functions. This problem necessitates a screening tool that can be used quickly and easily in clinical situations, such as the Upper Limb Short Questionnaire (ULSQ). However, its validity and reliability as a clinical measure have not yet been evaluated.<br />The ULSQ was initially administered in face-to-face interviews, and then by telephone four weeks later. Lower limb and UL body functions were assessed by the Vignos and modified Brooke scales, respectively.<br />A total of 160 patients participated in the initial ULSQ interview; 132 patients completed the follow-up interview. Construct validity was confirmed by exploratory and subsequent confirmatory factor analyses. The UL function component sum score correlated with the modified Brooke scale score (Kendall's Tau 0.64,<br /> &lt; 0.001). The total and component (UL function, pain, and stiffness) sum scores were highered in clinical settings. The ULSQ comprises 14 items that assess upper limb function, pain, and stiffness in patients with DMD and is a valid and reliable assessment tool for screening purposes. The sum score of the upper limb function component (ULSQ 1-5; 1 point per item) could be used to measure activity limitations.Many women experience vasomotor, psychosocial, physical and sexual symptoms during their menopausal life-stage. Specifically, the psychosocial symptoms of menopause can include loss of confidence, issues with self-identity and body image, inattention and loss of memory, increased levels of stress, and a higher risk of developing anxiety and depression. In the workplace, such symptoms can impact the woman's capacity to perform to her optimal levels. Even so, many women do not seek help to manage their symptoms due to feelings of embarrassment, the possibility of experiencing adverse reactions from others, or the cultural taboos that are attached to the condition. Digital health technologies, including virtual consultations, therapeutic interventions, and participation in online communities of support, provide an important means by which women can obtain information about menopause. In the field of mental health, digital technologies have an increasing evidence base. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tbopp.html click here] This paper considers how mental health practitioners can adapt, utilise or recommend digital health strategies to support older women in occupational settings to manage their psychosocial symptoms of menopause.