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01). While median macular and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses significantly increased after the marathon (p&lt;0.01), median choroidal thickness significantly decreased (p&lt;0.01). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures significantly decreased (p&lt;0.01 and p=0.021 respectively).<br />Prolonged physical effort impacts the structure and vascularization of the retina and the choroid. Hypoxia and dehydration due to such an effort may induce a low ocular blood flow rate resulting in a choroidal thinning, contrasting with a transient subclinical ischemic edema of the inner retina and optic nerve head.<br />NCT03864380.<br />NCT03864380.<br />The study investigated a potential correlation between owning a superregional low-cost ski and leisure card, namely the Leisure Card Tirol (LCT), and perceived quality of life (QOL).<br />A cross-sectional, quantitative approach (online questionnaire) was chosen.<br />In total, 1588 LCT users as well as 684 non-users (residents living in the Alpine region of Tyrol, Austria) were reached throughout the study period.<br />Compared to non-users, LCT users reported significantly higher scores in all domains of QOL. However, the correlation was neither mediated nor moderated by the level of general physical activity (in contrast to alpine skiing in particular).<br />As superregional low-cost leisure cards were suggested as a way of facilitating access to skiing-at least according to its buyers-owning the LCT was associated with higher perceived QOL. Subsequent research should elaborate the extent to which this correlation is causal. If there is a causal link, such cards should be actively promoted to improve/maintain residents' QOL.<br />As superregional low-cost leisure cards were suggested as a way of facilitating access to skiing-at least according to its buyers-owning the LCT was associated with higher perceived QOL. Subsequent research should elaborate the extent to which this correlation is causal. If there is a causal link, such cards should be actively promoted to improve/maintain residents' QOL.<br />To perform the citation and content analysis of 100 articles on Hallux valgus from the most cited to the least.<br />Articles published on Hallux valgus between 1980 and 2020 were analyzed by making use of the Web of Science database. Articles were ranked from most cited to the least. Content analysis of all articles was also carried out. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ag-270.html read more] Original research articles, reviews, and clinical trials were included in the study whereas case reports were excluded from the study.<br />The total number of citations of the 100 most-cited articles was 7,697. The most-cited article was 'Prevalence of hallux valgus in the general population; systematic review and meta-analysis' published by Sheere Nix in Journal of Foot and Ankle Research in 2010. The country where the articles were mostly produced was USA (n = 46). The most interesting issue was the osteotomy techniques and changes in Hallux valgus surgery.<br />The treatment of the Hallux valgus disease is still discussed today. Citation analyses have shown that surgical developments related to HV surgery still attract attention, and this information will be updated continuously in line with the increasing number of articles.<br />The treatment of the Hallux valgus disease is still discussed today. Citation analyses have shown that surgical developments related to HV surgery still attract attention, and this information will be updated continuously in line with the increasing number of articles.There is currently no consensus on the importance of bone graft use in ankle arthrodesis. Despite this, bone graft is widely used. We aimed to summarize the available literature on primary open ankle arthrodesis fixated with cannulated screws in order to assess the importance of bone graft in achieving more favorable rates of fusion. PubMed and Embase were queried for articles reporting on primary open ankle arthrodesis fixated with cannulated screws which specified use or non-use of bone graft. Pooled data analysis was performed. Modified Coleman Methodology Scores were calculated to assess reporting quality. Twenty-seven studies met our inclusion criteria and were divided into three groups no bone graft (NBG), fibular onlay with bone graft (FOBG), and use of bone graft (BG). All three groups had comparable fusion rates of 94.7%, 95.3%, and 95.1% respectively (p = .98). Number needed to treat was 7 and Absolute Risk Reduction was 14.8%. The reviewed literature was largely of moderate quality, with an overall Coleman score of 60.6 and no significance between the 3 groups (p = .93). In conclusion, primary open ankle arthrodesis fixated with cannulated screws generally had favorable fusion rates, and bone graft use did not have a significant effect on union rates. The available literature suggests that bone graft may not be needed in routine tibiotalar arthrodesis in low-risk patients. It may more significantly impact patients who are at high-risk of fusion failure, and dedicated research on this high-risk subset of patients is required.Sandhoff disease is a rare fatal infantile neurologic disorder. Adult onset Sandhoff is even rarer. Variability of clinical features in adult onset Sandhoff patients and overlaps between these and features of other neurologic diseases have sometimes led to mis-diagnosis. We describe an adult onset Sandhoff disease affected individual whose clinical presentation were also consistent with the Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome (BVVL) diagnosis. Screening of BVVL-causing genes, SLC52A3 and SLC52A2, did not identify candidate disease-causing mutations, but exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous mutations in the known Sandhoff disease-causing gene, HEXB. Decreased blood hexosaminidase activity and evidence of cerebellar atrophy confirmed Sandhoff disease diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a Sandhoff disease case that mimics BVVL and that presents with prominent cranial nerve involvement. For differential diagnosis, measurement of hexosaminidase activity and MRI should quickly be performed. Genetic analysis can be done for confirmation of diagnosis.