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Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms or DRESS syndrome is among severe cutaneous drug reactions. This constitutes a clinical triad that includes fever, skin rash and systemic compromise, accompanied by eosinophilia and/ or atypical lymphocytes. We present the case of an 18-month-old female patient with cystic fibrosis, who develops this pathology during a trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole cycle as an eradicating treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in bronchial secretions. Cystic fibrosis patients receive multiple antibiotic regimens according to bacteriology in sputum, to avoid impairment in their lung function and colonization by resistant germs. Due to the increased risk of drug hypersensitivity in cystic fibrosis, an ominous prognosis and high morbidity and mortality, knowledge and a high index of suspicion of this syndrome are necessary.<br />Recurrent pancreatitis occurs in children between 15 and 35 % of the cases. It is defined as two or more separate episodes of acute pancreatitis with normalization of the pancreatic enzymes between episodes. One of the causes is autoimmune pancreatitis. Over the last 10 years, 10 patients with recurrent pancreatitis were sent at our center. Only one was considered to have autoimmune pancreatitis. We described a clinical case about a patient, who had, at the beginning, normal functional and anatomical studies, and then was finally diagnosed with autoimmune disease based on findings on the magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography with a duct of Wirsung abnormality. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pmx-53.html selleck chemicals] We considered important to describe this uncommon disorder in childhood, in spite of having an increasing incidence.<br />Recurrent pancreatitis occurs in children between 15 and 35 % of the cases. It is defined as two or more separate episodes of acute pancreatitis with normalization of the pancreatic enzymes between episodes. One of the causes is autoimmune pancreatitis. Over the last 10 years, 10 patients with recurrent pancreatitis were sent at our center. Only one was considered to have autoimmune pancreatitis. We described a clinical case about a patient, who had, at the beginning, normal functional and anatomical studies, and then was finally diagnosed with autoimmune disease based on findings on the magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography with a duct of Wirsung abnormality. We considered important to describe this uncommon disorder in childhood, in spite of having an increasing incidence.A seminal study titled Management of Myelomeningocele Study, from 2011, demonstrated that prenatal myelomeningocele defect repaired before 26 weeks of gestation improved neurological outcomes; based on this study, fetal surgery was introduced as a standard of care alternative. Thus, prenatal myelomeningocele diagnosis within the therapeutic window became a mandatory goal; therefore, research efforts on screening strategies were intensified, especially in the first trimester. In addition, different fetal surgery techniques were developed to improve neurological outcomes and reduce maternal risks. The objective of this review is to provide an update on the advances in prenatal screening and diagnosis during the first and second trimesters, and in open and fetoscopic fetal surgery for myelomeningocele.Thrombocytopenia, defined as a platelet count below 100 x 109/L, is a very common finding in the neonatal period, especially in critically ill infants and preterm newborns. Its causes are multiple it may be due both to pediatric conditions and to other factors involved in the fetal-placental-maternal interface. This initial article describes the causes of thrombocytopenia, proposes a diagnostic approach to manage a thrombocytopenic newborn infant, and provides a detailed description of the different conditions corresponding to thrombocytopenia of immune etiology. It also describes the different causative mechanisms and reviews the varying characteristics of thrombocytopenia secondary to maternal immune thrombocytopenia and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. The different treatment approaches to each of the different conditions are described both for their pre- as well as their postnatal management. The severity of thrombocytopenia and the serious complications and sequelae associated with the neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia are highlighted.Here we describe the current challenges of mucopolysaccharidosis type I the need for an adequate classification, establishing its relationship to therapeutic indications; an early diagnosis, from neonatal screening, its advantages and barriers, to clinical suspicion of severe and attenuated forms; spinal and eye disease care, from diagnosis to follow-up and treatment; allergic reactions caused by enzyme replacement therapy, their diagnosis and treatment. And lastly, transition to adult care.Living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with hardships for patients and their care-partners. Empowering patients and their care-partners, including family members or friends involved in their care, may help minimize the burden and consequences of CKD related symptoms to enable life participation. There is a need to broaden the focus on living well with kidney disease and re-engagement in life, including an emphasis on patients being in control. The World Kidney Day (WKD) Joint Steering Committee has declared 2021 the year of "Living Well with Kidney Disease" in an effort to increase education and awareness on the important goal of patient empowerment and life participation. This calls for the development and implementation of validated patient-reported outcome measures to assess and address areas of life participation in routine care. It could be supported by regulatory agencies as a metric for quality care or to support labelling claims for medicines and devices. Funding agencies could establish targeted calls for research that address the priorities of patients. Patients with kidney disease and their care-partners should feel supported to live well through concerted efforts by kidney care communities including during pandemics. In the overall wellness program for kidney disease patients, the need for prevention should be reiterated. Early detection with a prolonged course of wellness despite kidney disease, after effective secondary and tertiary prevention programs, should be promoted. WKD 2021 continues to call for increased awareness of the importance of preventive measures throughout populations, professionals, and policy makers, applicable to both developed and developing countries.