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tic Review on Sexual Boredom. J Sex Med 2021;18565-581.
This review indicates the construct of sexual boredom includes individual, relationship, and societal aspects. However, no definition of sexual boredom includes these, and current knowledge does not allow formulating a model or a theory of sexual boredom. de Oliveira L, Carvalho J, Nobre P. A Systematic Review on Sexual Boredom. Pirtobrutinib nmr J Sex Med 2021;18565-581.
Various classifications of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) based on RNA profiling resulted in two main subtypes. Kalimuthu and coworkers proposed a morphology-based classification that concurred with these subtypes. Immune therapy approaches in PDAC were so far disappointing. Morphologic PDAC subtypes may differ regarding key immune-oncology pathways. We aimed to examine the reproducibility and prognostic value of Kalimuthu's morphologic classification, and to evaluate differences between subtypes regarding gene expression related to tumor biology and immune-oncology.
PDAC specimens from 196 patients were included, 108 consecutive chemotherapy-naïve surgical specimens and 88 endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsies (EUS-FNBs). The specimens were evaluated as per Kalimuthu by two pancreatic pathologists, resulting in Group A and Group B tumors. Digital mRNA expression profiling was performed, on the surgical specimens using the NanoString IO360 panel of 770 key tumor biology related and 30lue, in surgical as well as EUS-FNB specimens. As upregulation of immune-related genes was found in Group A, future studies should evaluate the potential of immune therapy approaches with special emphasis on this subtype of PDAC.Allogeneic liver transplants tolerize the immune system, preventing organ rejection from the same donor. A recent article by Yu et al. shows that liver metastases can likewise prevent tumor rejection in immunotherapy-treated murine and human hosts. Furthermore, radiation can reprogram the liver microenvironment to restore systemic tumor rejection.
Accumulating studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the progression of various cancers. This study aimed to investigate the potential clinical and functional role of miR-432 in breast cancer.
We evaluated the expression of miR-432 in 117 breast cancer samples and paired nontumor tissue samples, as well as 4 breast cancer cell lines using RT-qPCR analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic significance of miR-432 in breast cancer patients. CCK-8 assay and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the biological function of miR-432 in the progression of breast cancer.
miR-432 was downregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, and its exotic expression was associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage. In addition, breast cancer patients with low miR-432 expression exhibited a shorter overall survival outcome. Further experiments revealed that overexpression of miR-432 inhibited the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells, while knockdown of miR-432 promoted these cellular activities. AXL was a direct target of miR-432 in breast cancer cells.
The present study suggested that miR-432 may be a tumor suppressor in the progression of breast cancer through inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting AXL. And miR-432 might be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer. This study provided a novel insight into breast cancer prognosis and treatment.
The present study suggested that miR-432 may be a tumor suppressor in the progression of breast cancer through inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting AXL. And miR-432 might be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer. This study provided a novel insight into breast cancer prognosis and treatment.Primary bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasias are rare forms of pituitary ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome (CS). They are divided between primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) and micronodular adrenal hyperplasia (MiBAH), which is subdivided in primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) and isolated micronodular adrenocortical disease (i-MAD). One of the most debated aspects surrounding these entities is their most appropriate therapy. Although bilateral adrenalectomy (BA) has previously been the most utilized therapy for patients with overt CS, recent studies have indicated that unilateral adrenalectomy (UA) can be effective in patients with PBMAH and some with MiBAH with fewer long-term side effects. Medical therapies can also be used for bridging to surgery or rarely in the long-term for these patients. We review the various degrees of CS resulting from PBMAH and MiBAH, with a special focus on their respective therapies including UA, taking into account the recent pathophysiological and genetics findings.
Prolactin (PRL) is a polypeptide hormone named for its crucial role in lactation. Recently, PRL has been recognized as a metabolic hormone that regulates energy metabolism. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between circulating PRL and metabolic alterations in overweight/obese patients and the effect of weight loss through bariatric surgery on circulating PRL.
A total of 448 overweight/obese patients aged between 18 and 40 years and 120 age- and sex-matched healthy controls with normal weight were enrolled. Among all participants, 156 obese patients underwent bariatric surgery.
Circulating PRL levels were significantly increased in the overweight (15.27 ± 9.58 μg/L) and obese (17.75 ± 9.15 μg/L) groups compared with the normal weight (13.57 ± 9.03 μg/L) group. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that the adipose tissue insulin resistance (adipo-IR) level was an independent predictor for PRL (β=-0.451, P < .01). Despite comparable anthropometric parameters, the overweight/obese patients with a higher PRL tertile had decreased levels of triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and adipo-IR compared with the patients in the moderate and lower PRL tertiles. Serum PRL levels were significantly decreased following the alleviation of metabolic parameters after bariatric surgery (from 17.12 ± 8.27 to 13.00 ± 5.78 μg/L, P< .05), and the decrease in PRL levels was significantly greater in the lower adipo-IR group than in the higher adipo-IR group (P < .01).
An increased serum PRL level might be an adaptive response for protecting against metabolic disorders in obesity.
An increased serum PRL level might be an adaptive response for protecting against metabolic disorders in obesity.