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17, standard error [SE]=0.37, p=0.002). The least active 5-h (L5) onset time associated positively with MTL grey matter volume and memory function (estimate=1.24, SE=0.33, p=0.001, and estimate=3.77, SE=1.22, p=0.003, respectively), particularly in amyloid-negative participants. Additional path analysis revealed that MTL grey matter volume partially mediated the association between L5 onset time and memory function in amyloid-negative participants.
Decreased MESOR and advanced L5 onset time may be useful as early signs of cognitive decline or MTL neurodegeneration. Furthermore, amyloid pathology may act as a moderator of the relationships between rest-activity patterns, neurodegeneration, and cognitive function.
Korea Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (#4845-303); National Research Foundation of Korea (2019M3C7A1031905, 2019R1A5A2026045).
Korea Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (#4845-303); National Research Foundation of Korea (2019M3C7A1031905, 2019R1A5A2026045).Biofilm formation by foodborne pathogens on food processing surfaces has contributed to numerous disease outbreaks and food recalls. We evaluated the following strategies for elimination of mature biofilm formed by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. on stainless steel surfaces acidic electrolyzed water (AEW), ozone water (OW), or ultrasound (40 kHz) alone, and combinations of ultrasound and disinfectants. The dynamics of elimination by combinations were determined using the Weibull and biphasic models. Treatment with AEW alone reduced the number of biofilm cells by approximately 3.0 log cfu/cm2, whereas less than 0.8 log cfu/cm2 of cells reduction was observed in biofilm exposed to OW or ultrasound alone, even with treatment for 20 min. The combination of AEW and ultrasound produced an obvious synergistic effect on biofilm reduction, achieving approximately 4.8 log cfu/cm2 reduction in Salmonella spp. biofilm. Interestingly, the biphasic model was a better fit than the Weibull model for the elimination process of mature biofilm formed by both pathogens and subjected to a combination of ultrasound and AEW, as determined by smaller values of the statistical parameters RMSE and AIC, although both models could evaluate the dynamic processes. Our findings indicated that a combination of ultrasound and AEW could effectively reduce the biofilm formed by pathogens on food contact surfaces, and that the biphasic model could predict the number of residual cells after biofilm exposure to this intervention approach.A strong impact on a water surface induces a shock wave propagation with a significant pressure variation leading to cavitation bubble formation. A new shock induced cavitation reactor described in this work was characterized by physical and chemical techniques. Water hammer model verification with Joukowsky approach allowed to determine the wave speed propagation and gas fraction in water submitted to shock. These values were used for frequency analysis and compared with direct bubble visualization in order to estimate the influence of the experimental parameters on the shock-induced cavitation. Thereby, the shock wave contains a broad spectrum as decomposed into frequencies. This multi-frequency nature induces heterogeneous bubbles with calculated radii of 0.01 to 3.5 mm and observed radii of 0.01 to 2.8 mm depending on experimental conditions (initial pressure, impact height, gas atmosphere). For the first time, the formation of hydroxyl radicals was proven under impact-induced cavitation. The concentration of radicals increases with increasing number of successive impacts, reaching ca. 1.3 µmol.L-1 after 500 impacts in the presence of 20% O2-Ar as saturating gas. Radical generation seems to be relatively independent of the impact height but strongly depend on the type of gas saturating water, being substantially lower in the presence of air. Moreover, radical generation increases when decreasing the initial pressure and depends on the frequency at which water is impacted by the piston. Nevertheless, yield of OH radicals during shock-induced cavitation remains much lower than that produced by power ultrasound.
Third stage placental complications (TSPC) including partially or complete retained placenta, are a common obstetric complication. Previous studies have underlined risk factors for TSPC in heterogenous populations of women, whereas data regarding primigravid term women are scarce. We aimed to identify the factors associated with TSPC in this subset of parturients.
A retrospective cohort study including all primigravid women who delivered vaginally a term, live-singleton neonate between 2011 and 2019. Women who underwent revision of the uterine cavity due to TSPC were compared with those who did not. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed in order to identify the risk factors for TSPC.
Overall, 16,867 deliveries met the study inclusion criteria. GW806742X concentration Of those, 1097 (6.5%) deliveries were complicated by TSPC. Women with TSPC were older (p<0.001) and with a higher proportion of lateral and fundal placental location (p<0.001). In a multivariate regression analysis, the following factors were positively independently associated with TSPC maternal age (aOR [95% CI] 1.26 (1.17-1.36), p<0.001), the use of assisted reproduction technologies (aOR [95% CI] 1.26 (1.06-1.49), p=0.007), preeclampsia (aOR [95% CI] 3.39 (1.89-6.10), p<0.001), thrombocytopenia (aOR [95% CI] 1.83 (1.34-2.48), p<0.001), oxytocin administration (aOR [95% CI] 1.29 (1.12-1.48), p<0.001) and longer second stage duration (aOR [95% CI] 1.03 (1.003-1.05), p=0.02). Fetal male gender was negatively associated with TSPC (aOR [95% CI] 0.80 (0.70-0.92), p=0.002).
We have identified multiple independent risk factors for TSPC among primigravid women. This information can aid in patient counseling and delivery management in these subset of parturients.
We have identified multiple independent risk factors for TSPC among primigravid women. This information can aid in patient counseling and delivery management in these subset of parturients.This work evaluated tick and flea burdens and the efficacy of a single topical application of 10% fipronil + 9% (S)-methoprene spot-on against experimental infestations of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and Ctenocephalides felis felis on dogs that were submitted to regular baths for 56-days post-treatment. Four treatments (n = 24) were evaluated no chemical treatment and no bathing (T01); no chemical treatment + bathing (T02); chemical treatment and no bathing (T03) and chemical treatment + bathing (T04). Dogs were infested with adult ticks and fleas seven days pre-treatment (-7). The ectoparasites were then counted and removed on day -5, followed by a new infestation on day -2 and treatment on day 0. Ticks and fleas were then counted without removal on day 1 and counted with removal on day 2. The dogs were then repeatedly infested with both ectoparasites on days 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 47 and 54 post-treatment. Baths and ectoparasite counts with removal were performed every 48 h before and after experimental infestation, respectively.