Structure and function regarding retinorecipient arborization fields throughout zebrafish

OBJECTIVE Using data from a randomized controlled trial, we examined two different strategies to recruit participants for an indicated preventive intervention (StudentBodies-AN) for women at risk for anorexia nervosa and compared symptom severity and program utilization in participants recruited through each strategy. METHOD We recruited participants by announcing the study (a) in lectures at universities and handing out screening questionnaires (face-to-face recruitment) and (b) through different media channels, and the participants completed the screening questionnaire on our study website (media-based recruitment). We compared symptom severity and program utilization between the two groups. RESULTS A total of 4,646 women (face-to-face 3,741, media-based 905) were screened and 168 women (face-to-face 114, media-based 54) were randomized to the intervention. We found a statistically and clinically significant association between recruitment strategy and symptom severity Participants who were recruited through media were more likely to fulfill the inclusion criteria (40.6% vs. 13.3%; p  less then  .001) and endorsed significantly more frequently core behaviors and attitudes of disordered eating (EDE global score 2.72 vs. 2.17, p  less then  .05; Weight Concerns Scale [WCS] score 66.05 vs. 56.40, p  less then  .05) at baseline than participants recruited face-to-face. Also, participants recruited through media were more likely to log onto the program (χ2 = 5.06; p = .029) and accessed more of the intervention. DISCUSSION Recruitment through media seems both more feasible and suitable to reach individuals in need of indicative prevention, and should be part of a multimodal recruitment package. Future studies should be explicitly designed to investigate the impact of recruitment modality on reach and effectiveness including cost-effectiveness analyses. © 2020 The Authors. International Journal of Eating Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.OBJECTIVE User-centered design can improve engagement with and the potential efficacy of behavioral interventions, but is underutilized in health care. Temsirolimus supplier This work demonstrates how design methodologies can inform the design of a mobile behavioral intervention for binge eating and obesity. METHOD A needs assessment was conducted with end-users (N = 22 adults with obesity and recurrent binge eating [≥12 episodes in 3 months] who were interested in losing weight and addressing binge eating), which included assessing participants' past/current and future willingness to engage with 20 treatment targets for managing binge eating and weight. Targets focused on improving dietary intake, increasing physical activity, and reducing overvaluation of weight and/or shape, unhealthy weight control practices, and negative affect. RESULTS Participants' past and current use of targets varied. For all targets except those addressing unhealthy weight control practices, on average, participants had increasing levels of willingness to try targets. Among participants not currently using a target, at least some were willing to use every target again. DISCUSSION Findings inform ways to personalize how users begin treatment. Furthermore, this study exemplifies how user-centered design can inform ways to ensure that digital interventions are designed to meet end-users' needs to improve engagement and clinical impact. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Keloids are a major complication related to surgical wound healing and very challenging condition to treat. Many treatment options are available, but the efficacy of the treatment is poor in most of cases and some keloids do not respond to the treatment at all. We compared the efficacy of intralesional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and triamcinolone (TAC) injections in a double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT). Forty-three patients with 50 keloid scars were treated with either intralesional TAC or 5-FU-injections over 6 months. We wanted to find out whether biological features (cell density, cell proliferation rate, vascular density, myofibroblast numbers, steroid hormone receptor expression) in keloids could be used to predict the response to therapy and define the biological changes that take place in patients receiving a response. As there was no statistically significant difference in the remission rate between TAC and 5-FU treatments, all patients were combined and analyzed as responders and nonresponders. Although responders have slightly more myofibroblasts than the nonresponders in their keloids in the pretreatment biopsy samples, we could not identify a single predictive factor that could identify those patients that respond to drug injections. The good clinical response to therapy is associated with the simultaneous reduction of myofibroblasts in the keloid. This study demonstrates that myofibroblasts are reduced in number in those keloids that were responsive to therapy, and that both 5-FU and TAC injections are useful for keloid treatment. © 2020 by the Wound Healing Society.Workers of Apis cerana cerana undergo an in-hive nursing to outdoor foraging transition, but the genes underlying this aged-related transition remain largely unknown. Here, we sequenced the head transcriptomes of its 7-day-old normal nurses, 18- and 22-day-old normal foragers, 7-day-old precocious foragers and 22-day-old over-aged nurses to unravel the genes associated with this transition. Mapping of the sequence reads to Apis mellifera genome showed that the 3 types of foragers had a greater percentage of reads from annotated exons and intergenic regions, whereas the 2 types of nurses had a greater percentage of reads from introns. Pair- and group-wise comparisons of the 5 transcriptomes revealed 59 uniquely expressed genes (18 in nurse and 41 in forager) and 14 nurse- and 15 forager-upregulated genes. The uniquely expressed genes are usually low-abundance lncRNAs, transcription factors, transcription coactivators, RNA-binding proteins, kinases or phosphatases that are involved in signaling and/or regulation, whereas the nurse- or forager-upregulated genes are often high-abundance downstream genes that directly perform the tasks of nurses or foragers. Taken together, these results suggest that the nurse-forager transition is coordinated by a social signal-triggered epigenetic shift from introns to exons/intergenic regions and the resulted transcriptional shift between the nurse- and forager-associated genes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.