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We investigated the associations about the mass of geniohyoid and tongue muscle and the maximum tongue pressure in patients with sarcopenic dysphagia using ultrasonography.
Cross sectional study.
5 hospitals including 3 acute and 2 rehabilitation hospitals and 1 older facility.
36 inpatients with sarcopenic dysphagia.
Ultrasonography was performed for geniohyoid muscle and tongue. The area for geniohyoid and tongue muscles in sagittal plane and the mean brightness level (0-255) in the muscle area were calculated. Maximum tongue pressure as strength of swallowing muscle were investigated. Partial correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis adjusting for age and sex were performed.
The mean age was 81.1 ± 7.9. Men were 23. The mean BMI was 19.0 ± 4.1. The mean maximum tongue pressure was 21.3 ± 9.3 kPa. The mean cross sectional area for geniohyoid muscles was 140 ± 47 mm2. The mean brightness for geniohyoid muscle was 18.6 ± 9.0. selleck chemicals llc The mean cross sectional area for tongue muscles was 1664.1 ± 386.0 mm2. The mean brightness for tongue muscles was 34.1 ± 10.6. There was a significant positive correlation between area of geniohyoid muscle and maximum tongue pressure (r = 0.38, p = 0.04). Geniohyoid muscle area was an explanatory factor for maximum tongue pressure (p = 0.012) and tongue muscle area (p = 0.031) in multivariate analysis.
Geniohyoid muscle mass was an independent explanatory factor for maximum tongue pressure and tongue muscle mass.
Geniohyoid muscle mass was an independent explanatory factor for maximum tongue pressure and tongue muscle mass.
This study aimed to determine whether chewing difficulty is associated with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and related functional difficulties by body mass index.
A population-based cross-sectional study.
A nationwide sample of 54,004 individuals aged ≥65 years from the 2018 Korea Community Health Survey.
SCD and SCD-related functional difficulties were measured using the cognitive decline module of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Chewing difficulty was assessed based on a self-report questionnaire from an oral health-related behaviors interview survey. BMI was calculated from objective values by measuring height and weight through a physical meter.
Among the 54,004 individuals, the prevalence of SCD in underweight, overweight, and obesity group was 33.6% (n = 806), 30.3% (n = 9,691), and 28.7% (n=5,632) respectively. Chewing difficulty was associated with SCD and SCD-related functional difficulties. This association was more pronounced in underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) people [underweight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48-1.92); normal weight OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.22; obese OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.05-1.27]. Similar trends were demonstrated for SCD-related functional difficulties (underweight OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.17-2.01; normal weight OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.15-1.63; obese OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.22-1.86).
Chewing difficulty was associated with SCD and SCD-related functional difficulties in older people. Our results suggest that underweight status may play roles in the associations between chewing difficulty and SCD and SCD-related functional difficulties.
Chewing difficulty was associated with SCD and SCD-related functional difficulties in older people. Our results suggest that underweight status may play roles in the associations between chewing difficulty and SCD and SCD-related functional difficulties.
Altough disease-modifying factors such as malnutrition and diet have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), little is known about the effects of pharmacological therapies on the nutritional status of AD patients.
To evaluate the nutritional status, prealbumin, and albumin serum levels and several anthropometric measurements in patients with probable moderate-stage AD, with and without rivastigmine drug treatment.
A cross-sectional study.
34 patients were included, 17 with rivastigmine treatment and 17 without pharmacological treatment, over 60 years of both sexes.
The nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Albumin and prealbumin (transthyretin) levels and anthropometric evaluation were assessed using standard methods.
A polarity of malnutrition was detected in the untreated group. According to the MNA survey, the risk of malnutrition is higher without rivastigmine treatment (p = 0.0001). There are a less loss of appetite, less psychological stress, greater mobility and independence in those patients receiving rivastigmine (p = 0.003, 0.008, 0.016 and 0.018, respectively). The body mass index does not show a statistical difference, however, categorizing it for older adults, this index was improved in those receiving rivastigmine (p = 0.016). The serum levels of albumin and prealbumin showed no significant statistical difference between the groups.
Rivastigmine treatment shows a protective effect on malnutrition in patients with moderate-stage AD.
Rivastigmine treatment shows a protective effect on malnutrition in patients with moderate-stage AD.
As a very common risk of adverse outcomes of the ischemic stroke patients, sarcopenia is associated with infectious complications and higher mortality. The goal of this retrospective study is to explore the predictive value of serum Cr/CysC ratio in acute ischemic stroke patients receiving nutritional intervention.
We reviewed adult patients with AIS from December 2019 to February 2020. Patients with acute kidney injury were excluded and all patients received nutritional intervention during a 3-month follow-up period. We collected baseline data at admission including creatinine and cystatin C. The primary poor outcome was major disability (modified Rankin Scale score ≥ 4) at 3 months after AIS.
A total of 217 patients with AIS were identified for this study. Serum Cr/CysC ratio was significantly correlated with NIHSS at discharge, 1-month modified Rankin Scale score, and 3-month modified Rankin Scale score. During 3 months, 34 (15.70%) patients had a poor outcome after AIS and 11 (5.10%) patients died within 30 days.