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High coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) is crucial for photon-pair sources (PPSs) integrated with pump reject filters (PRFs) in silicon, but CAR values currently reported for integrated PPS/PRF chips still fall short of those achieved using stand-alone sources with external PRFs. Here we report measured and modelled CAR values for a micro-ring resonator PPS integrated with a PRF consisting of a three-stage, cascaded (via their through ports), contra-directional coupler (CDC) that compare favorably even with some stand-alone sources. CDC-based PRFs provide the benefits of compact area and wide reject bands without a need for tuning, in comparison to prior-art implementations.The properties of the open quantum system in quantum information is a science now extensively investigated more generally as a fundamental issue for a variety of applications. Usually, the states of the open quantum system might be disturbed by decoherence which will reduce the fidelity in the quantum information processing. So it is better to eliminate the influence of the environment. However, as part of the composite system, rational use of the environment system could be beneficial to quantum information processing. Here we theoretically studied the environment induced quantum nonlinearity and energy spectrum tuning method in the optomechanical system. And we found that the dissipation coupling of the hybrid dissipation and dispersion optomechanical system can induce the coupling between the environment and system in the cross-Kerr interaction form. When the symmetry is broken with a directional auxiliary field, the system exhibits the non-reciprocal behavior during the photon excitation and photon blockade for the clockwise and counterclockwise modes of the whispering gallery mode microcavity. Furthermore, we believe that the cross-Kerr coupling can be more widely used in quantum information processing and quantum simulation.Millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging is becoming an important option in many sensing applications. However, the resulting images are often plagued with artifacts caused by complex target scenarios such as concave structures, hampering applications where precise recognition is emphasized. It has been shown that existing imaging techniques can effectively resolve this issue by considering the multi-reflection propagation process in the forward model of the inverse problem. But the accuracy of such method still depends on the precise separation of reflected signals exhibiting different number of interactions with the target surfaces. In this article, an improved imaging technique based on circular polarizations is proposed for accurate imaging of concave objects. By utilizing circular polarized measurements, the received signal can be divided into odd and even number of reflection times. Then, an iterative reconstruction technique is introduced to automatically separate signal components and reconstruct precise contours of the concave surfaces. Furthermore, a strict observation angle boundary model is derived based on methods of the stationary phase to correct the image deformation of edges existing in previous algorithms. Both numerical and experimental results synthesized from 6∼18 GHz dual-polarized measurements are used to demonstrate the improved accuracy and automation of the proposed method.A novel laser design is presented that combines a longitudinal-lateral gain-loss modulation with an additional phase tailoring achieved by etching rectangular trenches. At 100 A pulsed operation, simulations predict a far-field profile with 0.3° full width at half maximum (Θ F W H M =0.3 ∘ ) where a 0.4°-wide main lobe contains 40% of the emitted optical output power (Θ 40% =0.4 ∘ ). While far-field measurements of these structured lasers emitting 10 ns long pulses with 35 W peak power confirm a substantial enhancement of radiation within the central 1∘ angular range, the measured far-field intensity outside of the obtained central peak remains high.We develop a self-consistent theoretical model for simulating the lasing characteristics of photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) under continuous-wave (CW) operation that takes into account thermal effects caused by current injection. Our model enables us to analyze the lasing characteristics of PCSELs under CW operation by solving self-consistently the changes in the in-plane optical gain and refractive index distribution, which is associated with heat generation and temperature rise, and the change in the oscillation modes. We reveal that the lasing band-edge selectivity and beam quality of the PCSELs are affected by the spatial distribution of the band-edge frequency of the photonic crystal formed by the refractive index distribution, which depends on the temperature distribution in the resonator. Furthermore, we show that single-mode lasing with narrow beam divergence can be realized even at high current injection under CW operation by introducing a photonic-crystal structure with an artificially formed lattice constant distribution, which compensates such band-edge frequency distribution.We demonstrate a nanometric displacement sensor with a switchable measuring range by using a single silicon nanoantenna. It is revealed that the interference between the longitudinal and transverse dipolar scattering can be well tuned by moving the nanoantenna in the focal field of the cylindrical vector beam. As a result, a position related scattering directivity is found and is used as a displacement sensor with a 4.5 nm lateral resolution. Interestingly, the measuring range of this displacement sensor can be extended by twice through simply changing the excitation from the azimuthally polarized beam to the radially polarized beam. Our results provide a facile way to tune the measuring range of the nanometric displacement sensor and may open up an avenue to super-resolution microscopy and optical nanometrology.In this paper, we report on an ultra-highly sensitive light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES)-based carbon monoxide (CO) sensor exploiting custom quartz tuning forks (QTFs) as a photodetector, a multi-pass cell and a mid-infrared quantum cascade laser (QCL) for the first time. The QCL emitting at 4.58 µm with output power of 145 mW was employed as exciting source and the multi-pass cell was employed to increase the gas absorption pathlength. To reduce the noise level, wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) and second harmonic demodulation techniques were exploited. Three QTFs including two custom QTFs (#1 and #2) with different geometries and a commercial standard QTF (#3) were tested as photodetector in the gas sensor. When the integration time of the system was set at 200 ms, minimum detection limits (MDLs) of 750 part-per-trillion (ppt), 4.6 part-per-billion (ppb) and 5.8 ppb were achieved employing QTF #1 #2, and #3, respectively. A full sensor calibration was achieved using the most sensitive QTF#1, demonstrating an excellent linear response with CO concentration.Temperature measurements are ubiquitous in combustion systems. However, the accuracy of surface temperature measurements of critical components operating in a harsh combustion gases environment is greatly affected by reflection and combustion gas radiation. In this paper, an analytical two-color pyrometry model was used to quantitatively analyze the temperature errors caused by the combination of reflection and H2O-CO2-CO-N2 mixture radiation. As the results indicate, the most significant contributors to the measurement errors are found to be the error arising from H2O-CO2-CO-N2 mixture absorption and emission for two-color pyrometer operating at long wavebands. The errors due to reflection predominate over the measurement errors measured at short wavebands. In a combustor where reflected radiation from high-temperature surrounding and hot/cool combustion gas is present, two-color pyrometry is practically inoperative as a consequence of its unacceptably large measurement error and high measurement sensitivity. When the intervening gas is isothermal and the optical distance from surface to detector is considered optically thin, the temperature error has linear growth with both the H2O-CO2-CO-N2 mixture concentration and viewing path length increasing. This linear change provides us a method of linear extrapolation to eliminate the effect of uncertain gaseous absorption and emission. selleck chemicals llc The results of this work can be used as a theoretical support for the design and application of a two-color pyrometer in a gas-fired furnace.In inverse design, the design and background areas can be represented by different spatial resolutions; thus, adaptive meshes are more efficient than structured meshes. In this study, a second-order interpolation scheme is introduced to realize an inverse design process on an adaptive mesh. Experiment results show that the proposed scheme yields a 1.79-fold acceleration over that achieved using a structured mesh, aiding design time reduction or design area expansion. As the design area can be divided into multiple areas with different spatial resolutions, in future work, adaptive meshes can be combined with machine learning algorithms to further improve the inverse-design-process efficiency.Free-space continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is an important technology that enables all-day quantum key distribution. Precise frame synchronization is a prerequisite for establishing a correlation between legitimate users of CV-QKD. In free-space CV-QKD, channel transmittance fluctuation caused by atmospheric turbulence increases the difficulty of synchronization. Also, as the channel transmittance is monitored in many reported experiments, the transmittance data also needs to be synchronized. We propose a novel method to solve the above problems by inserting two kinds of synchronization frames, i.e., data synchronization frames and transmittance synchronization frames. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed and Monte Carlo simulation is conducted to test its performance. The results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of this method. The proposed method paves the way for the realization of free-space CV-QKD.We present a compressive parallel single-pixel imaging (cPSI) method, which applies compressive sensing in the context of PSI, to achieve highly efficient light transport coefficients capture and 3D reconstruction in the presence of strong interreflections. A characteristic-based sampling strategy is introduced that has sampling frequencies with high energy and high probability. The characteristic-based sampling strategy is compared with various state-of-the-art sampling strategies, including the square, circular, uniform random, and distance-based sampling strategies. Experimental results demonstrate that the characteristic-based sampling strategy exhibits the best performance, and cPSI can obtain highly accurate 3D shape data in the presence of strong interreflections with high efficiency.Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have aroused great attention on account of the remarkable potential in the field of communication. It has the characteristics of higher spectrum efficiency, greater channel capacity and stronger anti-interference, which will revolutionize the wireless communications in the future. However, target tracking on a vortex generator in practical applications is becoming a challenge because the backscattering of electromagnetic (EM) waves under oblique incidence is too small for detection. Currently, the main way to solve this problem is to load an extra retroreflector such as Luneburg lens, which in turn leads to increased weights and bulky volumes. In this paper, we propose a vortex generator simultaneously with retroreflective characteristics utilizing an angle-selective metasurface. The meta-atom can achieve broadband polarization conversion under normal incidence and efficient retroreflection under oblique incidence. Without the need for an additional retroreflection phase arrangement, an OAM generator composed of such meta-atoms can be achieved in 15.