Analysing TimeStamped CoEditing Cpa networks within Software Growth Clubs using git2net

practices is debated.
There are theoretical-conceptual differences in the understandings and uses of social participation in occupational therapy that delimit specificity and design the identities of the profession in society. The need to discuss knowledge production, accumulation, and dissemination and practices is debated.
Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) is increasingly being implemented worldwide. In public health programs, equitable access to healthcare is a fundamental principle which also applies to fetal aneuploidy screening. However, the out-of-pocket costs of NIPT may lead to sociodemographic disparities in uptake of screening. This study assessed whether there is a difference in the uptake of NIPT in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods compared to all other neighborhoods in the Netherlands, where NIPT is implemented in a national screening program (TRIDENT-2 study).
NIPT uptake, postal code and age of 156,562 pregnant women who received pre-test counselling for prenatal screening in 2018 were retrieved from the national prenatal screening database. Postal codes were used as a proxy to categorize neighborhoods as being either socioeconomically disadvantaged or other. The out-of-pocket costs for NIPT were €175.
NIPT uptake in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods was 20.3% whereas uptake in all other neighborhoods was 47.6% (p<0.001). The difference in NIPT uptake between socioeconomic disadvantaged neighborhoods and other areas was smaller for the youngest maternal age-group (≤25years) compared to other age-groups.
The variation in uptake suggest underlying disparities in NIPT uptake, which undermines the goals of a national fetal aneuploidy screening program of providing reproductive autonomy and equitable access. This has ethical and policy implications for ensuring fair and responsible implementation of fetal aneuploidy screening.
The variation in uptake suggest underlying disparities in NIPT uptake, which undermines the goals of a national fetal aneuploidy screening program of providing reproductive autonomy and equitable access. This has ethical and policy implications for ensuring fair and responsible implementation of fetal aneuploidy screening.The coexistence of hermaphrodites and males (androdioecy) is rare in both plants and animals and has hitherto remained unknown in insects. Mongue et al. (2021) report a new case of androdioecy in the invasive haplodiploid insect Icerya purchasi, in which hermaphrodites can only self-fertilize, but occasionally mate with males. Revealingly, I. purchasi shares several features with other androdioecious species such as the consequences of evolution from separate sexes, low outcrossing rates, and its colonizing habit. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Understanding the mechanisms involved in the higher energy cost of walking (NCw the energy expenditure above resting per unit distance) in adults with obesity is pivotal to optimizing the use of walking in weight management programmes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanics, energetics and mechanical efficiency of walking after a large body mass loss induced by bariatric surgery in individuals with obesity. Nine adults (39.5 ± 8.6 year; BMI 42.7 ± 4.6 kg m-2 ) walked at five fixed speeds before (baseline) and after the bariatric surgery (post 1 and post 2). Gas exchanges were measured to obtain NCw . A motion analysis system and instrumented treadmill were combined to assess total mechanical work (Wtot ). Mechanical efficiency (Wtot NCw -1 ) was also calculated. Participants lost 25.7 ± 3.4% of their body mass at post 1 (6.6 months; P less then 0.001) and 6.1 ± 4.9% more at post 2 (12 months; P = 0.014). Mass-normalized NCw was similar between baseline and post 1 and decreased at post 2 coss induced by bariatric surgery significantly decreased the energy cost of walking per kg of body mass after 1 year with similar total mechanical work per kg of body mass, resulting in an increased mechanical efficiency of walking. Individuals with obesity may reorganize their walking pattern into a gait more similar to that of adults of normal body mass, thus decreasing their energy cost of walking by making their muscles work more efficiently.In an observational study, the treatment received and the outcome exhibited may be associated in the absence of an effect caused by the treatment, even after controlling for observed covariates. Two tactics are common (i) a test for unmeasured bias may be obtained using a secondary outcome for which the effect is known and (ii) a sensitivity analysis may explore the magnitude of unmeasured bias that would need to be present to explain the observed association as something other than an effect caused by the treatment. Can such a test for unmeasured bias inform the sensitivity analysis? If the test for bias does not discover evidence of unmeasured bias, then ask Are conclusions therefore insensitive to larger unmeasured biases? Conversely, if the test for bias does find evidence of bias, then ask What does that imply about sensitivity to biases? This problem is formulated in a new way as a convex quadratically constrained quadratic program and solved on a large scale using interior point methods by a modern solstraints. In the example, strong evidence of unmeasured bias is found using the subsidiary outcome, but, perhaps surprisingly, this finding makes the primary comparison insensitive to larger biases.Stereotyping is defined as generalising an attribute to a whole group and overlooking individual differences. In this study, we investigated whether Iranians' stereotypes of nations affected their empathy for the citizens of those nations. Naphazoline in vitro First, in a pilot study we explored common national stereotypes by using the stereotype content model (SCM) based on which six countries with different perceived warmth and competence scores were selected as nationalities of the protagonists of the vignettes in our experiment. In the next phase, 21 participants were asked to rate the degree of sadness associated with each vignette in an fMRI scanner. The results showed no significant differences in brain activity while participants were exposed to scenarios in which negative events befell people from different nations. This may be due to the individuation of victims by providing personal information about them.Maternal obesity is a global problem that increases the risk of short- and long-term adverse outcomes for mother and child, many of which are linked to gestational diabetes mellitus. Effective treatments are essential to prevent the transmission of poor metabolic health from mother to child. Metformin is an effective glucose lowering drug commonly used to treat gestational diabetes mellitus; however, its wider effects on maternal and fetal health are poorly explored. In this study we used a mouse (C57Bl6/J) model of diet-induced (high sugar/high fat) maternal obesity to explore the impact of metformin on maternal and feto-placental health. Metformin (300 mg kg-1 day-1 ) was given to obese females via the diet and was shown to achieve clinically relevant concentrations in maternal serum (1669 ± 568 nM in late pregnancy). Obese dams developed glucose intolerance during pregnancy and had reduced uterine artery compliance. Metformin treatment of obese dams improved maternal glucose tolerance, reduced maternal fatel of diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance in pregnancy we show reduced uterine artery compliance, placental structural changes and reduced fetal growth. Metformin treatment improved maternal metabolic health and uterine artery compliance but did not rescue obesity-induced changes in the fetus or placenta. Metformin crossed the placenta into the fetal circulation and entered fetal tissue. Metformin has beneficial effects on maternal health beyond glycaemic control. However, despite improvements in maternal physiology, metformin did not prevent fetal growth restriction or placental ageing. The high uptake of metformin into the placental and fetal circulation highlights the potential for direct immediate effects of metformin on the fetus with possible long-term consequences postnatally.
Maintenance treatment with opioid agonists (buprenorphine, methadone) decreases opioid use and relapse. We recently modeled maintenance treatment in rats and found that chronic delivery of buprenorphine or the mu opioid receptor (MOR) partial agonist TRV130 decreases relapse to oxycodone seeking and taking. Here, we tested the effect of the buprenorphine analog BU08028 on different heroin relapse-related measures and heroin vs. food choice.
For relapse assessment, we trained male and female rats to self-administer heroin (6-h/d, 14-d) in context A and then implanted osmotic minipumps containing BU08028 (0, 0.03, or 0.1 mg/kg/d). We then tested the effect of chronic BU08028 delivery on (1) incubation of heroin seeking in a non-drug context B, (2) extinction responding reinforced by heroin-associated discrete cues in context B, (3) reinstatement of heroin seeking induced by reexposure to context A, and (4) reacquisition of heroin self-administration in context A. For choice assessment, we tested the effect of chronic BU08028 delivery on heroin vs. food choice.
Chronic BU08028 delivery decreased incubation of heroin seeking. Unexpectedly, BU08028 increased reacquisition of heroin self-administration selectively in females. Chronic BU08028 had minimal effects on context-induced reinstatement and heroin vs. food choice in both sexes. Finally, exploratory post-hoc analyses suggest that BU08028 decreased extinction responding selectively in males.
Chronic BU08028 delivery had both beneficial and detrimental sex-dependent effects on different triggers of heroin relapse and minimal effects on heroin choice in both sexes. link2 Results suggest that BU08028 will not be an effective opioid maintenance treatment in humans.
Chronic BU08028 delivery had both beneficial and detrimental sex-dependent effects on different triggers of heroin relapse and minimal effects on heroin choice in both sexes. link3 Results suggest that BU08028 will not be an effective opioid maintenance treatment in humans.The detection of tumor-specific T cells in solid tumors is integral to interrogate endogenous antitumor responses and to advance downstream therapeutic applications. Multiple biomarkers are reported to identify endogenous tumor-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), namely CD137, PD-1, CD103, and CD39; however, a direct comparison of these molecules has yet to be performed. We evaluated these biomarkers in primary human ovarian tumor samples using single-cell mass cytometry to compare their relative phenotypic profiles, and examined their response to autologous tumor cells ex vivo. PD-1+ , CD103+ , and CD39+ TILs all contain a CD137+ cell subset, while CD137+ TILs highly co-express the aforementioned markers. CD137+ TILs exhibit the highest expression of cytotoxic effector molecules compared to PD-1+ , CD103+ , or CD39+ TILs. Removal of CD137+ cells from PD-1+ , CD103+ , or CD39+ TILs diminish their IFN-γ secretion in response to autologous tumor cell stimulation, while CD137+ TILs maintain high HLA-dependent IFN-γ secretion.