Analysis Error Why Currently

732), PM2.5 (R2 = 0.685), SO2 (R2 = 0.578), NO2 (R2 = 0.738), CO (R2 = 0.689) and NMVOC (R2 = 0.747). High levels of these toxic air pollutants in Hanoi city posed a high health risk to humans. Facemask use was more popular among the motorcycle commuters and pedestrians, especially during rush hours, than among the people working for extended time period alongside of the street.A comprehensive survey was performed to assess fungal populations associated with crown and root rot of wheat throughout the main wheat-growing areas of Azerbaijan. Samples were taken from 76 fields; 630 fungal strains were isolated, identified, and evaluated for pathogenicity. The identification was conducted with morphological and molecular tools such as species-specific PCR and DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) loci. The fungus found in the greatest number of fields (44) was Fusarium culmorum with 192 isolates, followed by F. acuminatum. Other Fusarium spp. isolates were identified F. equiseti, F. pseudograminearum, F. graminearum, F. incarnatum, F. avenaceum, F. hostae, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. algeriense, and F. brachygibbosum. Bipolaris sorokiniana, Curvularia spicifera, Exserohilum pedicellatum, Nigrospora oryzae, and Rhizoctonia spp. isolates were also identified, associated with underground parts of wheat. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and EF1-α sequences of the isolates showed that the isolates belonging to the same species were clearly separated in the dendrogram. Pathogenicity assays revealed that F. culmorum, F. pseudograminearum, and F. graminearum were most aggressive; F. avenaceum, F. hostae, F. algeriense, B. sorokiniana, C. spicifera, and R. solani isolates were moderately aggressive; C. inaequalis, E. pedicellatum, and N. oryzae were weakly aggressive; and others were nonpathogenic. The result of this study exhibited the existence of a wide range of species associated with crown and root rot of wheat in Azerbaijan. Additionally, this is the first report of F. hostae, F. algeriense, C. spicifera, C. inaequalis, and N. oryzae as pathogens on wheat in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan is the second country after Algeria in which F. algeriense was detected.Poplar plantations provide important industrial feedstock in China. Red spot symptoms were observed on leaves of Populus tomentosa and P. deltoides in southeastern China. Based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis, the fungus isolated from disease spots was identified as Elsinoë australis, which has been previously recognized as a pathogen of Citrus spp. and jojoba but has not been reported in China. Pathogenicity tests found that isolates from two poplar species caused red spot symptoms on leaves from different poplar species and also led to scab formation on the fruit of one hybrid citrus but not on fruit of orange, lemon, or grapefruit. The draft genome of one E. australis isolate was generated. The genetic architecture of the MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 loci of E. australis was revealed by genome sequence and long-range PCR analyses. Single isolates carried only one of two opposite mating-types was confirmed by idiomorph-specific PCR, suggesting a heterothallic mating system. Our results not only revealed a new E. australis pathotype causing poplar spot anthracnose in China but also provided its genome and mating system information.Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato is a seedborne pathogen that causes bacterial speck disease in tomato. P. syringae pv. tomato is typically detected in tomato seed using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) but the inability of qPCR to distinguish between viable and nonviable cells might lead to an overestimation of viable P. syringae pv. tomato cells. In the present study, a strategy involving a propidium monoazide (PMA) pretreatment followed by a qPCR (PMA-qPCR) assay was developed for quantifying viable P. syringae pv. tomato cells in contaminated tomato seed. PMA could selectively bind to the chromosomal DNA of dead bacterial cells and, therefore, block DNA amplification of qPCR. NSC 209524 The primer pair Pst3F/Pst3R was designed based on gene hrpZ to specifically amplify and quantify P. syringae pv. tomato by qPCR. The PMA pretreatment protocol was optimized for selectively detecting viable P. syringae pv. tomato cells, and the optimal PMA concentration and light exposure time were 10 μmol liter-1 and 10 min, respectively. In the sensitivity test, the detection limit of PMA-qPCR for detecting viable cells in bacterial suspension and artificially contaminated tomato seed was 102 CFU ml-1 and 11.86 CFU g-1, respectively. For naturally contaminated tomato seed, viable P. syringae pv. tomato cells were quantified in 6 of the 19 samples, with infestation levels of approximately 102 to 104 CFU g-1. The results indicated that the PMA-qPCR assay is a suitable tool for quantifying viable P. syringae pv. tomato cells in tomato seed, which could be useful for avoiding the potential risks of primary inoculum sources from contaminated seed.Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a globally devastating disease of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), resulting in substantial economic losses. To identify effective resistance genes, a genome-wide association study was conducted on 120 common wheat lines from different wheat-growing regions of China using the wheat 90K iSelect SNP array. Seventeen loci were identified, explaining 9.5 to 21.8% of the phenotypic variation. Most of these genes were detected in the A (seven) and B (seven) genomes, with only three in the D genome. Among them, 11 loci were colocated with known resistance genes or quantitative trait loci reported previously, whereas the other six are likely new resistance loci. Annotation of flanking sequences of significantly associated SNPs indicated the presence of three important candidate genes, including E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, F-box repeat protein, and disease resistance RPP13-like protein. This study increased our knowledge in understanding the genetic architecture for stripe rust resistance and identified wheat varieties with multiple resistance alleles, which are useful for improvement of stripe rust resistance in breeding.Sex work can offer a quick way of making money and is the only profession in which women may earn more in fewer hours when compared to other available jobs. However, most studies with sex workers in India are based on socially biased assumptions about sex work; that is, women are either coerced or trafficked into sex work. Limited attention has been paid to the voices of non-brothel-based sex workers in India. Drawing data from a larger ethnographic study conducted between December 2009 and July 2010, this paper analyses how women sex workers operating from non-brothel-based sex work settings in Kolkata, India, foresee their future. Unlike the popular 'victim imagery' of women sex workers in the Global South, this study found that women are not passive recipients of the trade; instead, they employ agency - sometimes transgressing the normative boundaries and at times reinscribing these boundaries to secure a future for themselves and their families. Therefore, to promote HIV preventive behaviour programmes reaching out to sex workers, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) must proactively inquire about women's future plans and assist them in materialising their future goals, which are mostly concerned with their children's future, a life free of stigma/shame, and financial security in old age.The effects of human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) transplantation on bladder dysfunction after pelvic nerve transection (PNT) remain to be clarified. Five groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats were studied including sham operation, unilateral PNT alone or plus hAFSCs transplantation, and bilateral PNT alone or plus hAFSCs transplantation. hAFSCs were injected at the site of PNT. Cystometries, neurofilament density within bladder nerves, and the expressions of bladder protein gene-product 9.5 (PGP9.5), growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), nerve growth factor (NGF), p75 (NGF receptor), CXCL12, CCL7, and enkephalin were studied. Compared to sham-operation group, bladder weight increased and neurofilament density decreased at 10 and 28 days after unilateral and bilateral PNT, but all improved after hAFSCs transplantation. Unilateral PNT could increase bladder capacity, residual volume, and number of nonvoiding contractions but decrease peak voiding pressure and leak point pressure. Bilateral PNT caused overflow incontinence and increased the number of nonvoiding contractions. These cystometric parameters improved after hAFSCs transplantation. After PNT, bladder PGP9.5 mRNA and immunoreactivities decreased at 10 and 28 days, GAP-43 mRNA and immunoreactivities increased at 10 days and decreased at 28 days, both NGF and p75 mRNAs and immunoreactivities increased at 10 and/or 28 days, and enkephalin immunoreactivities decreased at 10 and 28 days, but these were all improved after hAFSCs transplantation. Our results showed that bladder dysfunction induced by PNT could be improved by hAFSCs transplantation, and PGP9.5, GAP-43, and neurotrophins could be involved in the mechanisms of nerve regeneration after hAFSCs transplantation.Objective To highlight emerging preoperative screening protocols and document workflow challenges and successes during the early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a large urban tertiary care medical center. Thirty-two patients undergoing operative procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic were placed into 2 preoperative screening protocols. Early in the pandemic a "high-risk case protocol" was utilized to maximize available resources. As information and technology evolved, a "universal point-of-care protocol" was implemented. Results Of 32 patients, 25 were screened prior to surgery. Three (12%) tested positive for COVID-19. In all 3 cases, the procedure was delayed, and patients were admitted for treatment or discharged under home quarantine. During this period, 86% of operative procedures were indicated for treatment of oncologic disease. There was no significant delay in arrival to the operating room for patients undergoing point-of-care screening immediately prior to their procedure (P = .92). Discussion Currently, few studies address preoperative screening for COVID-19. A substantial proportion of individuals in this cohort tested positive, and both protocols identified positive cases. The major strengths of the point-of-care protocol are ease of administration, avoiding subsequent exposures after testing, and relieving strain on "COVID-19 clinics" or other community testing facilities. Implications for practice Preoperative screening is a critical aspect of safe surgical practice in the midst of the widespread pandemic. Rapid implementation of universal point-of-care screening is possible without major workflow adjustments or operative delays.Introduction In 2014, a reflexive screening protocol for Lynch syndrome (LS) via an immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was shown to be cost-effective; however, the screening rates at a predominant Hispanic-rich institution are unclear. We hypothesized that implementation of a universal tumor screening (UTS) protocol requiring screening for LS via IHC in patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer (CRC) at our Hispanic-rich institution would improve detection of LS by increasing screening rates. Methods and materials This is a retrospective analysis of screening rates of 3 sequential cohorts of newly diagnosed patients with CRC between January 2012 and April 2016 at the University Health System and with follow-up at National Cancer Institute-designated Mays Cancer Center at University of Texas Health San Antonio. Cohort 1 consisted of patients screened using old screening guidelines (PRE). Cohort 2 consisted of patients screened when treating clinicians were receiving education on the new protocol (PERI). Cohort 3 consisted of patients screened after implementation of the UTS protocol (POST).