Aspects Connected with Birth control Use within SubSaharan Africa

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare protean disease that usually affects children. Few data are available for management of adult-onset cases. A complete picture of the efficacy and safety of 2CdA (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, cladribine) is lacking. We report a retrospective multicentre study of 23 adult LCH (a-LCH) patients who received single-agent 2CdA and a systematic literature review. All had previously received systemic therapy (vinblastine, n = 19). Response to 2CdA was evaluable in 22 cases. Overall response rate (ORR) was 91%. Complete response (CR) occurred in 11 cases (50%). Nine patients (39%) developed grade 3-4 neutropenia and/or severe infection. A literature review yielded 48 additional cases. A pooled analysis confirmed our findings (ORR 88%, CR 49%). CRs were rare with cumulative dose less then 50 mg/m2 . Disease progression rates were 20% and 30% at two and five years, respectively. Partial response (PR) to 2CdA was predictive of disease progression. Among eight re-treated patients, five went into CR, two in PR, and one died. Veliparib Single-agent 2CdA is effective in reactivated a-LCH, including at intermediate doses. Toxicity, significant but acceptable, warrants infectious prophylaxis. Complete responders may enter prolonged remission. Further studies are needed to determine 2CdA sequencing with other agents (vinblastine, cytarabine). © 2020 British Society for Haematology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.This systematic review analyzed the light parameters and effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) through low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and/or LED (light-emitting diode) on tendon repair of rats submitted to calcaneal injury. This study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Meta-Analysis, and PubMed and MedLine databases were accessed to search eligible studies published in English. The search terms were "Achilles tendon" or "Calcaneal tendon" or "tendon injuries" or "soft tissue injuries" and "tendinopathy" or "tendinitis" and "low-level light therapy" or "low-level laser therapy" or "low intensity power therapy" or "light-emitting diode" or photobiomodulation". The SYRCLE risks of bias (Sistematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation) was used to assess the risk of bias for selected studies. A total of 225 studies were found based on the descriptors used, and only 33 studies were eligible. Light parameters identified per point of irradiation were approximately 60 mW (continuous mode at infrared spectra), 2 W/cm2 , 2 J and 45 J/cm2 . Light parameters at red spectra, continuous versus pulsed mode, PBMT combined or compared with other therapies such as ultrasound, and studies using unhealthy rats (ovariectomized and/or diabetic models) were also identified and grouped according these similarities. The main effects found were decreased inflammatory markers and signs of inflammatory process. PBMT (laser/LED) has positive effects in reducing the inflammatory and time for tissue repair in animal models of tendon injury and/or tendinitis using parameters identified. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Many pathogenicity factors are involved in the development of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by N. fowleri. However, most of them are not exclusive for N. fowleri and they have not even been described in other non-pathogenic Naegleria species. Therefore, the objective of this work was to identify differential proteins and protein pattern recognition between Naegleria fowleri and Naegleria lovaniensis using antibodies anti-N. fowleri as strategy to find vaccine candidates against meningoencephalitis. Electrophoresis and Western blots conventional and 2-DE were performed for the identification of antigenic proteins and these were analyzed by the mass spectrometry technique. The results obtained in 2-DE gels and Western blot showed very notable differences in spot intensity between these two species, specifically those with relative molecular weight (rMW) of 100, 75, 50 and 19 kDa. Some spots corresponding to these molecular weights were identified as actin fragment, myosin II, heat shock protein, membrane protein Mp2CL5 among others, with differences in theoretical post-translational modifications. In this work, we found differences in antigenic proteins between both species, proteins that could be used for a further development of vaccines against N. fowleri infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Although systemic therapies are recommended for severe or recalcitrant cases of Pityriasis versicolor (PV), they are not free of important side effects and drug interactions. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes the action of singlet oxygen and free radicals produced by a light-activated photosensitizer to kill viruses, bacteria or fungi. In this study the effect of a PDT mediated by methylene blue (MB) in PV was evaluated. METHODS Five women with PV disseminated on the back and diagnosed by fresh microscopic analysis, were treated with a solution of MB (2%) applied to the PV lesions for 3 minutes. Next, a red LED lamp (λ= 630±5 nm, 37J/cm2 ), placed 100 mm from the skin for 10 minutes, was applied on the dyed PV lesions. Six sessions of MB/PDT were implemented with a 2-week interval in between. Wood´s lamp examination was used to monitor fungal infection at each time point. RESULTS Complete cure was observed in the five women at the 4-weeks post-treatment follow-up. Fluoresce images from PV lesions by Wood´s lamp allowed to evaluate if the lesions were healed or not at each time point. No patient showed relapse at the 6-month follow-up. The patients did not have any adverse effect and good cosmetic outcome was observed. CONCLUSIONS Six sessions of MB/PDT spaced at 14-day intervals are sufficient for the treatment for PV in healthy patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND This study evaluated the efficacy, safety and acceptability of a new ferrous sulfate oral solution (Tardyferon® 20 mg/mL) in young children with mild or moderate iron deficiency anemia (IDA). METHODS This was a multicenter, national, single-arm, open-label study. Children aged 6-53 months presenting with mild or moderate IDA (blood hemoglobin [Hb] 7.0-10.9 g/dL and serum ferritin less then  12 ng/mL) were eligible for inclusion. The ferrous sulfate heptahydrate solution (2 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 3 months. If normalization of either Hb or ferritin was not achieved at Month 3, the treatment was continued for another 3 months. RESULTS Of the 100 children screened, 21 aged 6-17 months were included and received the study treatment, and 19 were analyzed for hematologic outcomes at Month 3. Only one patient continued treatment for the additional 3 months. At Month 3, mean ± SD Hb and ferritin levels were 12.0 ± 0.7 g/dL and 31.5 ± 19.4 ng/mL, respectively. Hb and ferritin levels normalized in 95% (18/19) and 84% (16/19) of the patients, respectively.