Chargetransfer sophisticated vs complex produced involving TiO2 along with bisdicyanomethylene electron acceptors

This work provides a new method for applying MOFs-based functional materials to practical water remediation and other separation applications. Pulmonary surfactant or its components can function as barriers toward nanomaterials (NMs) entering pulmonary systems. However, since pulmonary surfactant mainly consists of lipids, it may be necessary to investigate the effects of co-exposure to NMs and pulmonary surfactant or its components on lipid metabolism and related signaling pathways. Recently we found that multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) transformed THP-1 macrophages into lipid-laden foam cells via ER stress pathway. Here this study further investigated the impact of pulmonary surfactant component dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) on this process. Up to 64 μg/mL hydroxylated or carboxylated MWCNTs induced lipid accumulation and IL-6 release in THP-1 macrophages, accompanying with increased oxidative stress and p-chop proteins (biomarker for ER stress). Incubation with 100 μg/mL DPPC led to MWCNT surface coating but did not significantly alter MWCNT internalization, lipid burden or IL-6 release. However, lipidomics indicated that DPPC altered lipid profliles in MWCNT-exposed cells. DPPC also led to a higher level of de novo lipogenesis regulator FASN in cells exposed to hydroxylated MWCNTs, as well as a higher level of p-chop and scavenger receptor MSR1 in cells exposed to carboxylated MWCNTs. Combined, DPPC did not significantly affect MWCNT-induced lipid accumulation but altered lipid components and ER stress in macrophages. Nowadays, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been characterized as an emerging environmental contaminant, as the spread of ARGs may increase the difficulty of bacterial infection treatments. This study evaluates the combination of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and chlorination, the two most commonly applied disinfection methods, on the degradation of sulphonamide resistance sul1 genes. The results revealed that although both of individual UV and chlorination processes were relatively less effective, two of the four combined processes, namely UV followed by chlorination (UV-Cl2) and simultaneous combination of UV and chlorination (UV/Cl2), delivered a better removal rate (up to 1.5 logs) with an observation of synergetic effects up to 0.609 log. The mechanisms analysis found that the difference of DNA size affected sul1 genes degradation by UV and chlorination; targeted genes on larger DNA fragments could be more effectively degraded by UV (1.09 logs for large fragments and 0.12 log for small fragments wheand indicate the potential to utilize the combined processes of UV and free chlorine in water or wastewater treatment practice to control the dissemination of antibiotic resistance. This study systematically investigated the photocatalytic activity of dissolved state biochar (DSB) with different pyrolysis temperature to the degradation of atorvastatin (ATV), a medicine widely used to combat hyperlipidemia. It was found that the photocatalytic efficiency of DSB increased with the decrease of pyrolysis temperature, that is, DSB300 (DSB with 300 °C of pyrolysis temperature) had the greatest photocatalytic activity in same condition, which was attributed to the dual role of DSB300 as heterogeneous photocatalyst and photosensitizer. The mineral components were responsible for the heterogeneous photocatalytic activity of DSB300. Organic carbon components could synergistically enhance the heterogeneous photocatalytic activity by enhancement of electron-hole separation, and contribute to the formation of singlet oxygen (1O2) and triplet-excited state (3DSB*) as well. The identification of intermediate products and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of irradiated DSB300/ATV revealed that cross-coupling reaction between ATV and DSB existed in the photodegradation process of ATV. The detailed photodegradation pathways of ATV were proposed, which was triggered by oxygen insertion of pyrrole ring and hydroxyl addition. Meanwhile, the modification of DSB300 under irradiation was evidently attenuated with ATV as shown by multiple characterizations, which helped to keep the stability of DSB300 in photochemical reaction process. The mobility of Cr(VI) in the environment is affected by the transformation of ferrihydrite (Fh) and ferrihydrite-humic acid co-precipitates (Fh-HA). However, the impacts of Fe(II)-induced transformation of Fh and Fh-HA on the mobility, speciation and partitioning of associated Cr(VI) remain unclear. In this study, the behaviors of adsorbed Cr(VI) during Fh and Fh-HA aging at 70 °C for 9 days (pH0 = 3.0 and 7.0) in the absence and presence of Fe(II) were studied. Results revealed that the main speciation of Cr(VI) after transformation was non-desorbable Cr and its formation involved the following pathways. Firstly, Fe(II) (0.2 and 2.0 mM) induced the transformation of Fh-HA to hematite and goethite, promoting the structural incorporation of adsorbed Cr into hematite and goethite via complexation. Secondly, under neutral condition (pH0 = 7.0), the low concentration of Fe(II) (0.2 mM) could not reduce completely Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and thus residual Cr(VI) was incorporated into the Cr(III)-Fe(III) co-precipitates. Thirdly, coprecipitated humic acid not only reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(III) via polysaccharide, but also formed complexes with incorporated Cr through carboxylic groups to sequester Cr. Our results demonstrate that Fe(II)-induced transformation of Fh-HA exerts major influences on associated Cr(VI) speciation and partitioning. Aiming at SO2 and NOx in industrial flue gas, the simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx was conducted using red mud as absorbent with O3 oxidation. The effects of different factors on the desulfurization and denitration efficiency were investigated. The results show that the increase of oxidation temperature is not conducive to the absorption of NOx (O3/NO molar ratio >1). Low concentration of SO2 promotes the absorption of NOx, however high concentration of SO2 inhibits absorption of NOx. check details The main product after desulfurization and denitration of red mud solid residue is bassanite (CaSO4·0.5H2O). In addition, when the pH is greater than 5, calcium carbonate and sodium alkali play major roles in red mud, and when 3.5 less then pH less then 5, sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (1.08Na2O·Al2O3·1.68SiO2·1.8H2O), calcium nepheline (Na6CaAl6Si6(CO3)O24·2H2O) and garnet (Ca3Al2(SiO4)(OH)8) take part in the reaction. According to typically practical conditions with oxidation temperature at 130 °C and the O3/NO molar ratio being 1.