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The effects of the different content of Si³N⁴ particles and Al²O³ particles in the plating solution and the different ratios on the wear resistance, microhardness, corrosion resistance and other properties of the coating were analyzed by using the centre composite surface design of response surface method (RSM). Meanwhile the phase composition, appearance, microhardness, friction coefficient and corrosion resistance of the electroless coating were tested. The results show that the addition of Al²O³ and Si³N⁴ particles in the bath can increase the microhardness of the electroless composite coating. In a certain range, the increase of Al²O³ or Si³N⁴ particles in the bath causes the microhardness of the coating to increase, but the excessive addition of particles makes microhardness decrease; the electroless coating with two particles added will have a low coefficient of friction; and with respect to corrosion resistance, the addition of Al²O³ or Si³N⁴ particles will increase the corrosion resistance of the coating. Overall, the electroless coating with the Al²O³ content of 16 g/L and the Si³N⁴ content of 12.63 g/L has the better comprehensive performance.The silicone monomer used in this study contains acrylate group to prepare the hydrophilic polymer. For the polymerization, TMDS (1,3-Bis(3-aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane) was added to the mixture containing synthesized silicone, DMA (N,N-dimethyl acrylamide), HEMA (2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate), EGDMA (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and the initiator AIBN (azobisisobutyronitrile) with various concentrations. To make the functional hydrogel lens, metal oxide (Chromium oxide and Cobalt iron oxide) nanoparticles were used as additives. Using the polymer produced through the thermal polymerization process, the optical and physical characteristics of produced silicone hydrogel lenses were measured. The water content of sample was in the range of 63.70~69.08%, refractive index 1.3769~1.3880, contact angle 60.02~85.28°, and oxygen permeability (Dk) 24.79~37.92 × 10-11 (cm²/sec) (mlO²/mlmmHg). In case of the hydrogel sample with nanoparticles, the oxygen permeability value was increased with amount of nanoparticles. Silicone hydrogel monomer containing metal oxide nanoparticles were expected to be used usefully as a material for green tinted optical lens with high oxygen permeability.In this work, a novel WO³ · H²O spherical structure which was self-assembled by nanorods was achieved by using hydrothermal method. A comprehensive growth mechanism was proposed to explain the formation of three different type nanostructures. Flexible gas sensors were successfully fabricated based on such unique nanostructures. We found that these nanorods and nanoparticle's self-assembled spherical structure showed excellent gas response to ammonia. This result may provide great benefit potential to further study for the preparation and gas performance of such self-assembled structure of WO³ · H²O.In this study, we fabricated a resistive random access memory (ReRAM) of metal-insulator-metal structures using a hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) film that was deposited by a low-cost solution process as a resistance switching (RS) layer. For post-deposition annealing (PDA) to improve the switching performance of HSQ-based ReRAMs, we applied high energy-efficient microwave irradiation (MWI). For comparison, ReRAMs with an as-deposited HSQ layer or a conventional thermally annealed (CTA) HSQ layer were also prepared. The RS characteristics, molecular structure modification of the HSQ layer, and reliability of the MWI-treated ReRAM were evaluated and compared with the as-deposited or CTA-treated devices. Typical bipolar RS (BRS) behavior was observed in all the fabricated HSQ-based ReRAM devices. In the low-voltage region of the high-resistance state (HRS) as well as the low-resistance state, current flows through the HSQ layer by an ohmic conduction mechanism. However, as the applied voltage increases in HRS, the current slope increases nonlinearly and follows the Poole-Frenkel conduction mechanism. The RS characteristics of the HSQ layer depend on the molecular structure, and when the PDA changes from a cage-like structure to a cross-linked network, memory characteristics are improved. In particular, the MWI-treated HSQ ReRAM has the largest memory window at the smallest operating power and demonstrated a stable endurance during the DC cycling test over 500 times and reliable retention at room (25 °C) and high (85 °C) temperatures for 10⁴ seconds.In this paper, we pose reverse leakage current issue which occurs when resistive random access memory (RRAM) is used as synapse for spiking neural networks (SNNs). To prevent this problem, 1 diode-1 RRAM (1D1R) synapse is suggested and simulated to examine their current rectifying chracteristics, Furthermore, high density of 1 K 3D 1D1R synapse array structure and its process flow are proposed.Amidst the considerable attention artificial intelligence (AI) has attracted in recent years, a neuromorphic chip that mimics the biological neuron has emerged as a promising technology. Memristor or Resistive random-access memory (RRAM) is widely used to implement a synaptic device. Recently, 3D vertical RRAM (VRRAM) has become a promising candidate to reducing resistive memory bit cost. This study investigates the operation principle of synapse in 3D VRRAM architecture. In these devices, the classification response current through a vertical pillar is set by applying a training algorithm to the memristors. EHT 1864 cost The accuracy of neural networks with 3D VRRAM synapses was verified by using the HSPICE simulator to classify the alphabet in 7×7 character images. This simulation demonstrated that 3D VRRAMs are usable as synapses in a neural network system and that a 3D VRRAM synapse should be designed to consider the initial value of the memristor to prepare the training conditions for high classification accuracy. These results mean that a synaptic circuit using 3D VRRAM will become a key technology for implementing neural computing hardware.The Ni³S²/Ni(OH)² electrode could deliver a high areal capacity of 1.58 C/cm² at 2 mA/cm², along with outstanding cycling stability (113% capacity retention after 30,000 cycles). The energy density of the Ni³S²/Ni(OH)²//AC hybrid device was 30.23 Wh/kg at a power density of 155 W/kg (15.5 Wh/kg at 3,875 W/kg). Compared with other Ni(OH)2 composites on Ni foam, these results indicate that Ni³S²/Ni(OH)² directly grown on Ni foam opens up the potential application for energystorage devices with high areal capacity and high cycling performance.