Contact with unhealthy meals and cocktail advertising through the university drive in Australia

We found that Sec-to-Cys mutation at residue of 498 significantly enhanced the efficiency of TrxR1-mediated menadione reduction, though the Sec⁴⁹⁸ is capable to catalyze the menadione reduction, indicating that TrxR1-mediated menadione reduction is dominantly in a Se-independent manner. Mutation experiments showed that Cys⁴⁹⁸ is mainly responsible for menadione catalysis in comparison to Cys⁴⁹⁷, while the N-terminal Cys⁶⁴ is slightly stronger than Cys⁵⁹ regarding the menadione reduction. LC-MS results detected that TrxR1 was arylated with one molecule of menadione, suggesting that menadione irreversibly modified the hyper-reactive Sec residue at the C-terminus of selenoprotein TrxR1. This study revealed that TrxR1 catalyzes the reduction of menadione in a Se-independent manner meanwhile its activity is irreversibly inhibited by menadione. Hereby it will be useful for the research and development of naphthoquinone anticancer drugs targeting TrxR1.Development of "liquid sunshine" could be a key technology to deal with the issue of fossil fuel depletion. β-caryophyllene is a terpene compound with high energy density and has attracted attention for its potential application as a jet fuel. The high temperature and high light-tolerant photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 (hereafter Synechococcus 2973), whose doubling time is as short as 1.5 h, has great potential for synthesizing β-caryophyllene using sunlight and CO₂. In this study, a production of ~121.22 μg/L β-caryophyllene was achieved at 96 h via a combined strategy of pathway construction, key enzyme optimization and precursor supply enhancement. In addition, a final production of ~212.37 μg/L at 96 h was realized in a high-density cultivation. To our knowledge, this is the highest production reported for β-caryophyllene using cyanobacterial chassis and our study provide important basis for high-density fuel synthesis in cyanobacteria.Glutamic acid is an important amino acid with wide range of applications and huge market demand. Therefore, by performing transcriptome sequencing and re-sequencing analysis on Corynebacterium glutamicum E01 and high glutamate-producing strain C. glutamicum G01, we identified and selected genes with significant differences in transcription and gene levels in the central metabolic pathway that may have greatly influenced glutamate synthesis and further increased glutamic acid yield. The oxaloacetate node and α-ketoglutarate node play an important role in glutamate synthesis. The oxaloacetate node and α-ketoglutarate node were studied to explore effect on glutamate production. Selleck SY-5609 Based on the integrated strain constructed from the above experimental results, the growth rate in a 5-L fermenter was slightly lower than that of the original strain, but the glutamic acid yield after 48 h reached (136.1±5.53) g/L, higher than the original strain (93.53±4.52) g/L, an increase by 45.5%; sugar-acid conversion rate reached 58.9%, an increase of 13.7% compared to 45.2% of the original strain. The application of the above experimental strategy improved the glutamic acid yield and the sugar-acid conversion rate, and provided a theoretical basis for the metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum.Shikimic acid is an intermediate metabolite in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids in Escherichia coli and a synthetic precursor of Tamiflu. The biosynthesis of shikimic acid requires blocking the downstream shikimic acid consuming pathway that leads to inefficient production and cell growth inhibition. In this study, a dynamic molecular switch was constructed by using growth phase-dependent promoters and degrons. This dynamic molecular switch was used to uncouple cell growth from shikimic acid synthesis, resulting in the production of 14.33 g/L shikimic acid after 72 h fermentation. These results show that the dynamic molecular switch could redirect the carbon flux by regulating the abundance of target enzymes, for better production.Clostridium acetobutylicum is an important strain for bio-butanol formation. In recent years, gene-editing technology is widely used for developing the hyper-butanol-production strains. In this study, three genes (cac1251, cac2118 and cac2125) encoding cell division proteins (RodA, DivIVA and DivIB) in C. acetobutylicum were knocked out. The cac2118-knockout strain had changed its cell morphology to spherical-shape during the solventogenesis, and obtained a higher butanol yield of 0.19 g/g, increasing by 5.5%, compared with the wild type strain. The glucose utilization and butanol production of cac1251-knockout strain decreased by 33.9% and 56.3%, compared the with wild type strain, reaching to 47.3 g/L and 5.6 g/L. The cac1251-knockout strain and cac2125-knockout strain exhibited poor cell growth with cell optical density decreased by 40.4% and 38.3%, respectively, compared with that of the wild type strain. The results indicate that cell division protein DivIVA made the differences in the regulation of cell morphology and size. Cell division proteins RodA and DivIB played significant roles in the regulation of cell division, and affected cell growth, as well as solventogenesis metabolism.Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and myxoma virus (MYXV), are two pathogens that have harmful effect on rabbit breeding and population decline of European rabbits in their native range, causing rabbit haemorrhagic disease (rabbit fever) and myxomatosis, respectively. The capsid protein VP60 of the RHDV represents the major antigenic protein. To develop a recombinant bivalent vaccine candidate that can simultaneously prevent these two diseases, we used the nonessential gene TK (thymidine kinase) of MYXV as the insertion site to construct a recombinant shuttle vector p7.5-VP60-GFP expressing the RHDV major capsid protein (VP60) and the selectable marker GFP. Then the shuttle vector p7.5-VP60-GFP was transfected into rabbit kidney cell line RK13 which was previously infected with MYXV. After homologous recombination, the recombinant virus expressing GFP was screened under a fluorescence microscope and named as rMV-VP60-GFP. Finally, the specific gene-knock in and expression verification of the vp60 and gfp genes of the recombinant virus was confirmed by PCR and Western blotting.