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This study investigates staff's perspectives on the characteristics required to work in a sexual assault referral centre and the support and training they believe sexual assault referral centres should provide to minimise the negative impacts of the work and provide a supportive working environment.
Semi- structured interviews were conducted with 12 staff, and a focus group was held with a further four staff of a sexual assault referral centre. The data were examined using thematic analysis.
Findings indicated that to work in a in sexual assault referral centre staff need to be understanding, empathetic, non-judgemental, supportive, flexible and resilient as well as having coping skills. The support structures and processes staff reported as being essential to creating a supportive working environment and reducing vicarious trauma were supervision; training; peer support and shadowing.
Working in a SARC is stressful and emotionally difficult work. selleck This study provides valuable insights about the individual and environmental factors SARC staff believe are required to have a happy and healthy workforce delivering a gold standard of care to victim-survivors of sexual violence.
Working in a SARC is stressful and emotionally difficult work. This study provides valuable insights about the individual and environmental factors SARC staff believe are required to have a happy and healthy workforce delivering a gold standard of care to victim-survivors of sexual violence.
Anxiety and depression are common in people living with dementia (PLWD) and Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) seems to be one of the few efficacious interventions. However, PLWD's ability to engage with CBT has been questioned due to the presumed impact of neurocognitive impairment on core skills necessary to engage with CBT (pre-therapy skills). Here, we (i) compare CBT pre-therapy skills in PLWD to older and younger adults (OA, YA), (ii) examine potential confounders and mediators and (iii) explore associations of neurocognition, anxiety and depression with pre-therapy skills in PLWD.
Pre-therapy skills were compared between PLWD (n=102), OA (n=77) and YA (n=56). Structural equation modelling was used to assess mediators and confounders of differences in pre-therapy skills between groups. Spearman's rank correlations were used to examine the relationship of pre-therapy skills with neurocognition and mood in PLWD.
Group differences in pre-therapy skills were found, following the pattern YA>OA>PLWD. Neurocognition mediated the difference between OA and PLWD. In PLWD, language was associated with performance on all skills. There was little evidence that anxiety or depression contributed to variability in skill performance within PLWD.
Cross-sectional design limited ability to ascertain cause and effect. Pre-therapy skill measures have not been used in the context of actual CBT; consequently, their relationship with CBT outcomes needs to be established.
PLWD may have a relative difficulty in CBT pre-therapy skills. Yet, there seems to be substantial variability of skill level, independent of mood. Therefore, mild dementia does not necessarily preclude CBT readiness.
PLWD may have a relative difficulty in CBT pre-therapy skills. Yet, there seems to be substantial variability of skill level, independent of mood. Therefore, mild dementia does not necessarily preclude CBT readiness.Two strategies for protecting body image against the negative effects of exposure to idealized media images have been proposed (1) using labels to alert viewers to digital retouching, (2) limiting digital retouching. This study investigated the effects digitally modified vs.unmodified images and the use of labels on those images (disclaimer/retouch-free] vs. unlabeled) on appearance satisfaction and mood. Trait upwards appearance comparison, media ideal internalization, media similarity, and body appreciation were explored as moderators. Participants (n = 614, women, 18-30 years) viewed the same ten images of female figures (both thin ideal and size/shape diverse images) across four conditions (1) unmodified, unlabelled, (2) unmodified, labelled, (3) modified, labelled, and (4) modified, unlabelled images. Exposure to unmodified images was shown to be less harmful than exposure to modified images. Neither label type was associated with more positive outcomes compared to their counterpart unlabelled conditions. State appearance comparison was highest in the two labelled conditions. Trait upwards appearance comparison and media ideal internalization to some extent moderated effects on negative mood. Findings provide additional evidence that disclaimer labels on digitally modified images are not helpful for body image, while images that depart from the thin-ideal can contribute to promoting positive body image.
To explore reciprocal relationships between real-time gambling cravings and self-efficacy with gambling behaviour, and the moderating role of gambling, mental health, and addiction-related variables.
Secondary analysis of a 4-week Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) study conducted in Tasmania, Australia.
Data were collected via telephone interviews (pre-EMA) and smartphones (EMA).
Ninety-seven regular gamblers (mean age 45.90years, 57.73% male) reported 5,113 observations.
EMA measures included gambling cravings (occurrence, frequency, intensity), self-efficacy (craving-related, gambling-related), and gambling behaviour (episodes, expenditure, duration). Pre-EMA measures included gambling (severity; harms; motives; high-risk situations), mental health (depressive symptoms; anxiety symptoms) and addiction-related (alcohol use; smoking; substance use) moderator variables.
Mixed-effects binary logistic regression analyses revealed that gambling cravings predicted gambling episodes (OR=2.23, 95% CIand people with comorbid substance use.
These findings have implications for the development of real-time gambling interventions that aim to reduce gambling cravings and increase self-efficacy, which could be targeted to vulnerable individuals, including people who frequently gambled for coping purposes or positive reinforcement, and people with comorbid substance use.