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Uropathogens involved in UTIs in children should be identified with precision to allow targeted therapeutic decisions. This can also help preventing the destruction of the microbiome homeostasis, which could result in a life-long dysbiosis. New treatment approaches and recolonization with probiotics are necessary due to increasing intrinsic antibiotic resistance of bacteria.
Uropathogens involved in UTIs in children should be identified with precision to allow targeted therapeutic decisions. This can also help preventing the destruction of the microbiome homeostasis, which could result in a life-long dysbiosis. New treatment approaches and recolonization with probiotics are necessary due to increasing intrinsic antibiotic resistance of bacteria.
To discuss recent advances of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)/pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptors in pharmacology, cell biology, and intracellular signaling in cancer.
Recent studies provide new insights into the pharmacology, cell biology of the VIP/PACAP system and show they play important roles in a number of human cancers, as well as in tumor growth/differentiation and are providing an increased understanding of their signaling cascade that is suggesting new treatment targets/approaches.
Recent insights from studies of VIP/PACAP and their receptors in both central nervous system disorders and inflammatory disorders suggest possible new treatment approaches. Elucidation of the exact roles of VIP/PACAP in these disorders and development of new therapeutic approaches involving these peptides have been limited by lack of specific pharmacological tools, and exact signaling mechanisms involved, mediating their effects. read more Reviewed here are recent insights from the elucidaese diseases.
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are scattered chemosensory cells in the intestinal epithelium that release hormones with a wide range of actions on intestinal function, food intake and glucose homeostasis. The mechanisms by which gut hormones are secreted postprandially, or altered by antidiabetic agents and surgical interventions are of considerable interest for future therapeutic development.
EECs are electrically excitable and express a repertoire of G-protein coupled receptors that sense nutrient and nonnutrient stimuli, coupled to intracellular Ca2+ and cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Our knowledge of EEC function, previously developed using mouse models, has recently been extended to human cells. Gut hormone release in humans is enhanced by bariatric surgery, as well as by some antidiabetic agents including sodium-coupled glucose transporter inhibitors and metformin.
EECs are important potential therapeutic targets. A better understanding of their chemosensory mechanisms will enhance the development of new therapeutic strategies to treat metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases.
EECs are important potential therapeutic targets. A better understanding of their chemosensory mechanisms will enhance the development of new therapeutic strategies to treat metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases.
A 30-year-old male weightlifter presented after suffering a myotendinous rupture of his latissimus dorsi from heavy weightlifting. Latissimus dorsi injuries are rare, with little to no documented technique in the literature on management, particularly of ruptures through the myotendinous junction of the anatomical muscle. This case report describes the surgical technique, approach, and postoperative management of an acutely avulsed latissimus dorsi using an allograft hamstring tendon to repair the myotendinous junction.
Allograft hamstring tendon graft augmentation is a viable repair option for patients with latissimus dorsi myotendinous rupture.
Allograft hamstring tendon graft augmentation is a viable repair option for patients with latissimus dorsi myotendinous rupture.
We describe a case of posterior hip dislocation in a 13-year-old boy after a contact football injury with attempted closed reduction resulting in complete separation of the epiphysis from the femoral neck metaphysis with associated femoral head fracture and posterior dislocation of the femoral head. Treatment was emergently performed with a greater trochanteric osteotomy, open reduction internal fixation using cannulated screws, and additional small diameter drill holes in the femoral head to promote blood flow. The patient did well postoperatively and at over 4 years follow-up had no evidence of avascular necrosis and returned to full athletics participation.
Particular attention should be taken when reducing hip dislocations in the adolescent population who may be predisposed to epiphysiolysis. Preservation of periosteal soft-tissue attachments and the use of small diameter drill holes to promote femoral head blood flow may have contributed to the excellent outcome.
Particular attention should be taken when reducing hip dislocations in the adolescent population who may be predisposed to epiphysiolysis. Preservation of periosteal soft-tissue attachments and the use of small diameter drill holes to promote femoral head blood flow may have contributed to the excellent outcome.
We describe the case of a 53-year-old man who developed acute groin pain 20 days after a posterior L4-L5 interbody fusion. Despite positioning of pedicle screws within the safe zone, an L4 right lumbar artery pseudoaneurysm was found on computer tomography angiogram. Coil embolization was successfully performed.
Iatrogenic lumbar artery pseudoaneurysms are a rare complication of spinal surgery. Our case is, to the best of our knowledge, the only reported case where this lesion occurred despite good positioning of the screws It is therefore important to always suspect and exclude this complication in case of suggestive symptoms.
Iatrogenic lumbar artery pseudoaneurysms are a rare complication of spinal surgery. Our case is, to the best of our knowledge, the only reported case where this lesion occurred despite good positioning of the screws It is therefore important to always suspect and exclude this complication in case of suggestive symptoms.