Integration involving metabolomics and also transcriptomics suggests alterations in MRSA exposed to terpinen4ol

PURPOSE Does perioperative use of Rho-Kinase (ROCK) inhibitors have beneficial effect on corneal endothelial cells after phacoemulsification? SETTING This study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Riyadh. DESIGN This was a prospective study assessing the effect of ROCK inhibitors on corneal endothelium after phacoemulsification. METHODOLOGY Three patients have used ROCK inhibitor 1 day before and 1 week after phacoemulsification surgery, and specular microscopy and Pentacam were done preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS Endothelial cell density decreased to 11.3%, 9.45%, and 4.09% in eyes with ROCK inhibitors and 23.9% in one eye without ROCK inhibitor. CONCLUSION Perioperative ROCK inhibitor use has a possible protective effect on corneal endothelium. Copyright © 2020 Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology.Natural honey in spite of its usefulness is known to contain certain microorganisms. In the present study, we describe a case of Acanthamoeba keratitis after using topical honey administered by a traditional medicine therapist. A 32-year-old male came with red eye and blurred vision. The pain and other symptoms became more severe after the 1st week, with appearance of radial perineuritis at the cornea. A repeated interview revealed that 1 week before appearance of ocular symptoms, the patient had instilled a drop of natural honey in his left eye. Confocal microscopic cornea imaging demonstrated cyst and trophozoite of Acanthamoeba in the corneal stroma. Copyright © 2020 Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology.We report the trans-operative approach and short-term outcome of a patient who suffered a traumatic avulsion of the cilioretinal artery branch during the surgical management of a cilioretinal arterial branch occlusion (CRABO) with intraocular embolectomy. A patient with acute CRABO underwent a pars plana vitrectomy with in situ embolectomy. The blocked artery was incised using 25 gauge vertical scissors, and embolus manipulation was done using microsurgical forceps. During embolus extraction, the occluded cilioretinal artery and its branch were inadvertently avulsed and torn with subsequent intense bleeding. Laser and endodiathermy were used for acute hemostasis. The maneuvers created an unintended retinochoroidal anastomosis. Visual field improvement was noted 3 months after the surgery. In the event of a complicated surgical embolectomy with the avulsion of the artery, the formation of a retinochoroidal anastomosis and reperfusion of the occluded may occur along with the improvement of visual fields in some cases. Copyright © 2020 Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology.PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to determine the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), to identify the risk factors that predispose to ROP, and to assess the outcome of these infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study on premature infants with a birth weight (BW) of less then 1501 g or gestational age (GA) of less then 32 weeks. These infants were admitted to the NICU at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from January 2010 to December 2014. RESULTS Five hundred and ninety-three infants were included; data were available for 581 infants. selleck kinase inhibitor Of them, 224 infants (38.6%) had ROP. Of these, 22 infants (10.4%) had stage 3 ROP. The mean BW of infants with ROP was 938.4 ± 257.9 g, and the mean GA at birth was 27 ± 2.4 weeks. A significant relationship with a P less then 0.05 was found between the occurrence of ROP and small GA at birth, low BW, low APGAR score at 1 min, and long duration of receiving oxygen (O2) therapy. Based on charts review, none of the infants had blindness. CONCLUSION The incidence of ROP in our study falls in the range of incidence in developing countries. The low BW and small GA were the most significant risk factors. Furthermore, it is also recommended to control the amount and duration of O2 therapy to as little as needed. Copyright © 2020 Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology.PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the postoperative course after the ab interno XEN45 Gel Stent implantation in Black and Afro-Latino, patients with glaucoma. METHODS This was a single-center, retrospective study. All patients with glaucoma who underwent ab interno XEN implantation were included in the study. All of the patients were Black and Afro-Latino making up the demographics of the local community. Investigated parameters were intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of medications, visual acuity, IOP-follow-up, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and additionally performed surgeries. RESULTS Of 20 eyes that had undergone the procedure with 1-year follow-up, eight failed before 12 months requiring additional glaucoma surgery. Of the 12 that were successful at 1 year, 9 (75%) eyes underwent XEN + cataract surgery and 3 (25%) had XEN surgery alone. Of the eyes that completed 12-month follow-up, the mean medicated IOP was 15.3 ± 6.2 mmHg at baseline, and 12.9 ± 4.5 mmHg at 12 months, a 16% IOP reduction. Mean medications dropped from 3.58 ± 0.7 preoperatively to 1.75 ± 1.5 at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS The ab interno XEN gel implant as a standalone procedure or combined with cataract surgery demonstrated a safe and sustained IOP reduction for only 60% of patients after 12 months. In Black and Afro-Latino patients receiving the ab interno XEN implant, 40% of patients needed additional surgery within 12 months. Copyright © 2020 Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology.PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate the determinants of visual outcomes, complications after managing the posterior dislocated intraocular lens (IOL). METHODS Patients with posterior dislocated IOL managed between 2002 and 2016 in our institute were reviewed. Ocular status and causes for dislocation were noted. Success was defined as uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/20-20/200 at the last follow-up. The risk factors were associated with the success. RESULTS Of the 79 eyes with posterior dislocated IOL, 40 (50.6%) eyes had vision 20/200" in 45 (57%) and 14 (17.7%) eyes. The main causes of Severe visual impairment (SVI) included glaucoma (5), corneal decompensation (5), retinal detachment (4), and macular edema (3). Young age (P = 0.02), late IOL dislocation (P = 0.005), primary IOL implant (P less then 0.01), SVI (P = 0.09), IOL removal (P = 0.06), and no glaucoma at presentation were significantly associated to the success. Late IOL dislocation (P = 0.05) and no glaucoma (P = 0.05) were independently associated to the success. CONCLUSION The management of the dislocation of IOL had promising visual outcomes. Glaucoma and early dislocation predict poor vision after dislocated IOL management. Close monitoring is needed to manage complications. Copyright © 2020 Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology.PURPOSE Childhood blindness and visual impairment accounts for enormous burden of blindness. This study aimed to analyze the causes of severe visual impairment and blindness in students attending schools for the blind and to identify those whose vision could be improved by optical aids. On dispensing such aids, the study also aimed to analyze the improvement in their vision function. METHODS This was a prospective interventional study of 428 certified students from four special schools for blind. All the students underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination by a team of four ophthalmologists and four optometrists. The World Health Organization-Prevention of Blindness forms were used to record history and examination details. Spectacles and low-vision aids (LVAs) were dispensed to those whose vision could be improved. The main outcome measure was L V Prasad- Functional Vision Questionnaire (LVP-VFQ), which was used to compare the vision function before and 6 months after the intervention. RESULTS Two hundrindividuals, need periodic ocular examination and ophthalmic care. Copyright © 2020 Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology.PURPOSE The purpose of the study is to evaluate the prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among all diabetic patients presenting to a tertiary eye care center in Nepal over a 3-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective review of all clinical records from the initial presentations of diabetic patients at the Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology (TIO) from 2012 to 2014. RESULTS In total, 8855 patients were identified who presented to TIO with a prior diagnosis of diabetic mellitus (DM) during the study period. DR was found in 1714 patients (19.4%) at the time of initial presentation, 1305 (14.7%) of which had nonproliferative DR (PDR), while 617 (6.9%) demonstrated diabetic macular edema (DME) and 409 (4.6%) demonstrated PDR. Of the 1714 patients with DR, 825 (48.1%) required treatment at initial presentation for DME and/or PDR. Male gender, hypertension, age at presentation, and interval from diagnosis of DM to initial eye consultation were significantly associated with the presence of DR (P less then 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of DR among patients with DM was 19.4%, which is lower than previously published estimates. However, among patients diagnosed with DR, over half presented with a vision-threatening complication warranting some measure of initial treatment. Copyright © 2020 Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology.PURPOSE Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a severe type of glaucoma that occurs early in life. PCG is usually inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 (CYP1B1) gene is reported to be PCG-related gene. It codes for the CYP1B1 enzyme which is considered as phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme and its function is related to the eye oxidative homeostasis and correspondingly to the normal development of the eye. This is the first genetic study in Iraq that investigates the CYP1B1 polymorphisms behind the PCG disease. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood of 100 unrelated Iraqi PCG patients and 100 healthy children, all of them were aged between 1 month and 3 years. All the coding sequence of CYP1B1 gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction; restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to follow G61E and E229K mutations. Direct sequencing was performed to screen for other mutations. RESULTS CYP1B1 mutations were identified in 78 (78%) of the patients. We detected a total of eight mutations Four missense mutations (c.182G>A, c.685G>A, g.6813G>A, and g.6705G>A), one silence mutation (D449D) and three insertions (g.10068ins10069, g.10138ins10139, and g.10191ins10192). Five mutations (g.6813G>A, g.6705G>A, g.10068ins10069, g.10138ins10139, and g.10191ins10192) are novel. G61E is the only mutation that was detected in patients merely. CONCLUSIONS CYP1B1 mutation (G61E) is considered as PCG-related allele in the Iraqi population. Copyright © 2020 Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology.PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the role of a reminder short message service (SMS) on the uptake of glaucoma screening by first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in North-central Nigeria following a telephone invitation for screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the eye clinic of a tertiary hospital in Jos, North-central Nigeria. Two hundred FDRs of patients with POAG were invited through phone for free glaucoma screening and randomly allocated into two groups. The intervention group received a reminder SMS, whereas the control group did not receive a reminder. Those who failed to turn up for screening were contacted through phone to determine the reasons for their nonattendance. Chi-square test and bivariate analysis were used to compare attendance rate between the two groups. RESULTS Sending a reminder SMS following a telephone invitation had no effect on the uptake of glaucoma screening. The response rate was lower in the phone call plus reminder SMS group (43.