Lifetime stableness associated with sociable traits inside bottlenose whales

7% of teachers responded that they do not recommend mouthguards for children during sporting activities. Nearly 80.6% teachers were aware of the possibility of reimplanting an avulsed tooth. About 72.8% teachers had poor knowledge of immediate action necessary for successful outcomes of reimplanted teeth. Conclusions Orofacial trauma was commonly encountered by sports teachers among children during sporting activities in the school. There was poor awareness regarding types of mouth guards and its significance among the sports school teachers. The knowledge related to the management of emergency oral injuries was inadequate.Aim To present the anatomical and visual outcome and compare different techniques in the surgical treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in Nigerians. Method Comparative retrospective review of PVR grade C and D eyes that had vitreoretinal surgery with silicone oil between April 2005 and December 2012. Data was extracted from consecutive case notes after exclusion of eyes with PVR associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), proliferative sickle cell retinopathy (PSCR) and eyes with nonuse of silicone oil. A comparison of the outcome of vitrectomy alone (Vit.), versus combined with a scleral buckle (Vit.+SB), versus with retinectomy (Vit.+RT), versus with all three procedures (Vit.+SB+RT) was done. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16 software. Pearson Chi-square test and Fisher's exact T-test were used to determine the effect of relationships. Results 138 eyes of 138 patients had grades C (100 eyes) and grade D (38 eyes) PVR. Surgise for improved visual outcomes.Objectives The aim of this study is to determine the type, frequency, and location of incidental findings in the maxillofacial region in patients undergoing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan for implant treatment.[5]. Methods In this study, 300 patients who underwent CBCT imaging for implant treatment planning were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were evaluated in four different categories, namely, maxillary sinus pathologies, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) findings, dentoalveolar findings, and soft-tissue calcifications. In maxillary sinus pathologies, we categorized patients by mucosal thickening, polypoidal lesion, air-liquid level, total opacification, oroantral fistula, periapical lesion related with maxillary sinus, antrolith, hypoplasia, and foreign body presence. In the TMJ findings category, we evaluated patients for erosion, osteophyte, sclerosis, flattening, and bifid condyle. For dentoalveolar findings, we looked for the residual root and impacted tooth. In soft-tissue calcifications, we examined patients for tonsillolith, sialolith, lymph node calcification, styloid ligament calcification, carotid artery calcifications, and osteoma cutis. Results Mucosal thickening was mostly seen in maxillary sinus pathology. One hundred and forty-eight (49.3%) of the patients had at least one TMJ incidental finding. We detected at least one impacted tooth in 17 (5.7%) patients' maxilla and 14 (4.7%) patients' mandibles. The most frequently seen calcification was styloid ligament calcification. There was no statistically significant relationship between the age groups and incidental findings (P > 0.05). Conclusions Oral radiologists should be aware of incidental findings and evaluate the possibilities of underlying diseases in a comprehensive way, and if there is a concern about the finding, they should refer the patient to the relevant specialist.Objective The aim of this in-vitro study was to investigate the effects of frequently consumed beverages on the color stability and microhardness of various restorative materials. Materials and Methods Twenty-four samples were prepared in each group to examine the effect of different beverages on coloration and surface hardness of two direct composite resins (Filtek Z250, Filtek Z550); one indirect composite resin (Solidex); and one high viscosity glass ionomer cement (Equia Forte Fil). Samples were stored in four solutions (distilled water, black tea, coffee, and cola) at room temperature for 1 week (n = 6). The color values are taken at the beginning and the color and microhardness values taken at the end of 1 week were evaluated by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results The highest color change was observed in the Equia Fil, while the least color change was observed in the Z550 group. The highest degree of color change was observed in coffee and cola groups. While the lowest values of hardness were observed in the Solidex group, the highest values of hardness were observed in the Z550 group. The highest levels of hardness change were detected in the coffee and cola groups. Conclusion The color and hardness of restorative materials can be negatively affected by consumed beverages. Nanohybrid composite resins are resistant to external coloration and hardness change.Objective To explore the factors associated with depression and anxiety among glaucoma patients. Subjects and Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving adult glaucoma patients, who attended the eye clinic of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu, from April to September 2018. In total, 182 glaucoma patients with no other significant ophthalmic or medical conditions were recruited. Information on their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics was obtained using a close-ended, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Detailed ophthalmic evaluation to characterize the glaucoma was done. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Bivariate analysis was done to identify factors associated with depression and anxiety. The level of significance was at P less then 0.05. Results The participants were mainly females, 108 (59.3%), married, civil servants with tertiary education and mean age of 59.7 ± 13.3 SD years. Majority of them had advanced stage of primary open angle glaucoma. Eighty (44%) of the participants had anxiety, while 76 (41.8%) had depression. Severe/blind stage of glaucoma and reduced visual acuity were significantly associated with anxiety and depression; occupation (trading) and intraocular pressure of less then 21 mmHg also significantly associated with depression. Epalrestat Conclusion The prevalence of anxiety and depression among glaucoma patients in Enugu was high. Severe/blind stage of glaucoma and reduced visual acuity were the most important factors that associated with both anxiety and depression. Incorporating a psychological health approach to glaucoma care especially in patients with severe glaucoma and reduced visual acuity may promote effective communication between clinicians and patients and treatment adherence.