Microbe Flavonoid Metabolism A Cardiometabolic Ailment Viewpoint

. Tobacco consumption in any form is a major contributor to non-communicable diseases, and it is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide. Secondhand smoke is also harmful. To halt the smoking epidemic and protect people from second-hand smoke, the Government of India enacted the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) in 2003.
. We ascertained compliance with the provisions of COTPA 2003 at 183 public places and 41 transport facilities of Shimla city from August 2017 to July 2018.
. Only 48% of public places had good compliance with the provisions of COTPA 2003. On average, a public place was found to be compliant with 7 of 10 key indicators of Section 4. Educational institutes and government offices had a higher rate of compliance compared to other places. Active smoking and signages signalling ban on smoking were observed in 17% and 95.6% of public places, respectively. Smoking aids (e.g. ashtrays) were observed at <10% of places. A designated smoking area was not seen at any public place.
. Overall compliance of the Act was low with less than half the places having satisfactory compliance with Section 4. There is a need to raise awareness about the negative effects of smoking on health and environment and ensure strict adherence to the provisions of COTPA 2003.
. Overall compliance of the Act was low with less than half the places having satisfactory compliance with Section 4. There is a need to raise awareness about the negative effects of smoking on health and environment and ensure strict adherence to the provisions of COTPA 2003.
. Dysfunction of the right ventricle (RV) in rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a poor prognostic factor. We planned to observe the clinicopathological changes in the RV of patients with RHD.
. We defined RV dysfunction by a myocardial performance index value of >0.4 on transthoracic echo-cardiography and included patients with isolated severe mitral stenosis in sinus rhythm with normal left ventricular (LV) function from April 2014 to April 2016. The patients were divided into two groups based on the absence (group I, n=21) and presence (group II, n=22) of RV dysfunction. RV muscle biopsy was evaluated for the presence of apoptosis, fibrosis and fat deposition apart from other clinical and echocardiography parameters.
. Patients in both the groups had a similar demographic profile and LV dimensions and function. The age of the patients in the two groups was the only clinical parameter that was significantly different; older patients were in group II. A higher value for RV systolic pressure (RVSP) and the grade of tricuspid regurgitation was seen in group II. Though there was no significant difference in the presence of fibrosis and intensity of apoptosis in the RV biopsy samples, the deposition of fat in the interstitial spaces was decreased in group II. Age at presentation had no significant difference or correlation with the deposition of fibrosis or fat in the RV myocardial biopsy.
. Patients with RV dysfunction were older in age and their RVSP was raised at operation, suggesting that earlier intervention may help in preserving RV function.
. Patients with RV dysfunction were older in age and their RVSP was raised at operation, suggesting that earlier intervention may help in preserving RV function.
. Infusion of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) can correct iron deficiency anaemia in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. However, large-scale public health use of FCM is constrained by two issues. First, there is limited evidence on the efficacy and safety profile of FCM in the Indian context. Second, logistic challenges in administering FCM at a subdistrict healthcare setting have not been assessed. We aimed to measure the mean increase in haemoglobin (Hb) level 2 weeks after infusion of FCM to pregnant females with moderate-to-severe anaemia attending a subdistrict hospital in India.
. During June-December 2016, we did a single-arm, open-label trial among pregnant females with a gestation of 16-32 weeks, Hb 5.0-9.9 g/dl. FCM was infused (per Ganzoni formula) in a single session up to a maximum of 1000 mg of iron. Hb and s-ferritin levels were measured at recruitment, 2 weeks post-infusion and at delivery. Adverse events were noted.
Seventy-seven pregnant females were enrolled with mean (SD) age 23.2 (3.1) years, gestation 27.6 (3.8) weeks and Hb 8.4 (0.9) g/dl. At 2 weeks post-infusion (n=63), the mean Hb level increased by 1.9 g/dl (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-2.3) and at delivery (n = 64) by 2.9 g/dl (95% CI 2.4-3.4). The median (interquartile range) (in ng/ml) for serum ferritin at baseline (n = 68), 2 weeks post-FCM infusion (n = 61) and at delivery (n = 39) was 6.3 (5.1-11.7), 275.4 (186.4-330.3) and 61.3 (42.5-132.0), respectively. No major adverse effects were reported.
Infusion of FCM rapidly corrected anaemia, sustained its effect till delivery and replenished body iron reserves. FCM is safe and effective in treating anaemia in pregnant females in the second and third trimester at the subdistrict healthcare setting in India.
Infusion of FCM rapidly corrected anaemia, sustained its effect till delivery and replenished body iron reserves. FCM is safe and effective in treating anaemia in pregnant females in the second and third trimester at the subdistrict healthcare setting in India.Cecal volvulus is a rare complication of malfixation anomalies and intestinal malrotation in children. Only few cases have been reported. The rarity of the condition, frequently leads to diagnostic delay and complications. AZD5991 mw The best option for cecal volvulus repair remains unclear. Our aim is to increase the awareness of surgeons about cecal volvulus and to discuss its management.Neutropaenic enterocolitis (NE) is a life-threatening condition characterised by an inflammation of the colon and/or the small bowel in the background of chemotherapy-induced neutropaenia. A 16-year-old girl with acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) developed fever, right-sided abdominal pain and tenderness with severe neutropaenia. Initial ultrasound findings suggested acute appendicitis for which she had surgery. She developed recurrent symptoms 3 weeks later. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed features of NE, but she succumbed to the illness. Another 17-year-old boy with AML developed fever and severe right-sided lower abdominal pain and tenderness, following completion of induction chemotherapy. He was neutropaenic and abdominal CT was typical of NE. He was managed nonoperatively and symptoms resolved. The diagnosis of NE can be a dilemma. A high index of suspicion is needed to avoid a misdiagnosis of acute appendicitis.
Choledochal cyst is a rare malformation that mainly affects girls.
The aim of this work is to report the diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of bile duct cyst in children in Dakar.
we conducted a prospective monocentre descriptive study from 1 July, 2016, to 30 June, 2019, in the Pediatric Surgery Department of Albert Royer Children's Hospital in Dakar. The studied parameters featured clinical, biological, radiological, therapeutic and evolutionary data. Overall, ten patients, including eight girls and two boys, were selected.
Two patients presented the classic triple-syndrome complex featuring an abdominal pain, an abdominal mass and jaundice. Most of the patients presented a symptomatology associating abdominal pain and vomiting. Biological cholestasis syndrome was present in six cases and biological cytolysis syndrome in five cases. The abdominal ultrasound-computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the diagnosis and helped to set the Todani classification with a predominance of Types 1 ament of CCD, especially in our context.
Femoral hernias are an uncommon groin pathology among pediatric patients. Therefore, they are frequently misdiagnosed. In the present study, we review our experience with this rare surgical entity during the past 25 years.
The medical records of 19 patients who underwent 22 femoral hernia repairs between January 1994 and December 2019 were retrospectively analysed.
Patients' age ranged from 2 to 12 years (mean age was 5. 5 years) with an approximately equal sex ratio (10 girls/9 boys). There were three bilateral cases identified separately. They were discovered and managed at different times. All the children were referred with a groin lump, but the correct pre-operative diagnosis was made in only 13 cases (59%). In the remaining cases, four were identified intraoperatively following negative exploration for a supposed inguinal hernia. The other five were found to have a femoral hernia 1 month to 12 months after ipsilateral inguinal hernia repair. All patients underwent elective surgery. The femoral canal was closed using either Lytle or McVay procedure. Recurrence occurred in only one patient 2 months after initial repair.
Femoral hernias are often misdiagnosed. Pre-operative diagnosis can be obtained through careful clinical assessment. In equivocal cases, ultrasonography and laparoscopy could be useful. A correct pre-operative diagnosis will lead to suitable treatment, thus avoiding unnecessary reoperations and their related complications.
Femoral hernias are often misdiagnosed. Pre-operative diagnosis can be obtained through careful clinical assessment. In equivocal cases, ultrasonography and laparoscopy could be useful. A correct pre-operative diagnosis will lead to suitable treatment, thus avoiding unnecessary reoperations and their related complications.
The falling of Umbilical stump occurs by 7-15 days of age. The healing of umbilical stump may be complicated by Umbilical Granuloma. It is often treated by chemical cauterisation which require repeated applications and may lead to local or systemic complications. Common salt by way of its dessicative property may help in treatment of Umbilical Granuloma.
The objective of the study is to assess the role of common salt application in umbilical granuloma.
This is retrospective study over 3 years from a pediatric surgery unit in Northern India. The study subjects were infants less than 10 weeks of age who presented with umbilical granuloma. The method of salt application was 1 pinch of common salt for 1 hour twice a day for 3 consecutive days. The babies were assessed at day 5th for resolution. The success was defined as thrice resolution after 3 cycles. The baseline demographic details were taken and the association of success of treatment was analyzed.
A total of 36 infants were given treatment in form of common salt application for treatment of umbilical granuloma. The success of around 96% and the cases which presented early responded well. Most of the cases resolved after 3 cycles of treatment.
The common salt application is effective in treatment of granuloma without any side effects.
The common salt application is effective in treatment of granuloma without any side effects.
Achalasia is a primary oesophageal motility disorder with unknown aetiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate our 10-year experience in the diagnostic process and surgical management of oesophageal achalasia (OA) in children.
A retrospective review of all children (age 0-15 years) treated for achalasia at the department of paediatric surgery from 2007 to 2016 was conducted. The demographics, presenting symptoms, associated diseases, diagnostic process, outcomes and complications were analysed.
Fourteen patients were identified, with a mean age of 5.2 years. There were eight female and six male patients. The most common symptom was chronic vomiting, in all patients (100%), followed by weight loss in 10 (71.4%), cough in 6 (42.9%), dysphagia in 5 (35.7%) and chest pain in 3 (21.4%). The mean duration of symptoms until diagnosis was 36.3 ± 29.1 months. Three patients underwent an open Heller myotomy (HM) and 11 laparoscopic HM (LHM) including three conversions. The reasons for conversion were mucosal perforation in two cases and liver bleeding in one patient.