Outcomes of Total Knee joint Arthroplasty in People Together with Rheumatism

First, we explicitly model substantive variables in the units that provide the desired interpretation. Second, we use partial derivatives to summarize the relations between the substantive predictors and outcome variables to account for nonlinearities arising from modeling strategies. We show how to derive estimates and standard errors for quantities of interest in the interpretive units, as well as techniques to present the relationships between variables in meaningful ways. Finally, we provide demonstrations in both simulated and real data over a wide variety of models and estimation procedures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).Prenatal maternal infection and anxiety have been linked, in separate lines of study, with child neurodevelopment. We extend and integrate these lines of study in a large prospective longitudinal cohort study of child neurodevelopment. Data are based on the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort; prenatal maternal anxiety was assessed from self-report questionnaire; prenatal infection was derived from reports of several conditions in pregnancy (n = 7,042). Child neurodevelopment at approximately 8 years of age was assessed by in-person testing, reports of social and communication problems associated with autism, and psychiatric evaluation. Covariates included psychosocial, demographic, and perinatal/obstetric risks. Prenatal infection was associated with increased likelihood of co-occurring prenatal risk, including anxiety. Regression analyses indicated that both prenatal infection and prenatal anxiety predicted child social and communication problems; the predictions were largely independent of each other. Comparable effects were also found for the prediction of symptoms of attention problems and anxiety symptoms. These results provide the first evidence for the independent effects of prenatal infection and anxiety on a broad set of neurodevelopmental and behavioral and emotional symptoms in children, suggesting the involvement of multiple mechanisms in the prenatal programming of child neurodevelopment. The results further underscore the importance of promoting prenatal physical and mental health for child health outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Impulsivity is an established etiological risk factor for alcohol- and cannabis-related outcomes. However, limited work has focused on longitudinal associations between multiple trait impulsivity facets and indices of alcohol and cannabis use among military veterans-a contextually distinct population that evidence unique impulsive personality traits and substance use patterns.
A structural equation model (SEM) examined longitudinal associations between five UPPS-P impulsivity facets measured at baseline and six indices of alcohol and cannabis use (i.e., frequency, quantity, and problems) measured at 1-year follow-up among 361 returning Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) veterans.
Findings indicated baseline sensation seeking was significantly positively associated with 1-year alcohol use frequency (β = .18); baseline negative urgency was positively associated with alcohol use problems (β = .31); and baseline lack of perseverance (β = .25) and sensatary support that impulsivity may play a unique role in understanding alcohol- and cannabis-related problems over time among veterans. Further, results suggest that specific impulsivity facets are prospectively associated with cannabis problems (i.e., lack of perseverance and sensation seeking) and alcohol problems (i.e., negative urgency). Findings reinforce the importance of differentially evaluating impulsivity-substance use associations within contextually distinct populations (e.g., adolescent, veteran), and highlight potentially meaningful intervention targets among veterans. However, replication is needed with stronger temporal controls and more diverse veteran subsamples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Despite growing evidence that perceived discrimination negatively impacts underrepresented ethnic-racial college students, there is a lack of longitudinal studies with multiple sources of discrimination as Latinos transition from high school (HS) to college. This study examined changes in peer, adult, and everyday discrimination across the college transition and tested concurrent, prospective, and reciprocal associations between these sources of discrimination, internalizing symptoms, and grade point average (GPA).
Latino adolescents (
= 209;
at Time 1 = 18.10; 64.4% female; 85.1% Mexican descent) reported on discrimination experiences and internalizing symptoms during their final year of high school and first college semester. Participants' GPA was obtained from institutional records. Longitudinal data were analyzed using cross-lagged panel models.
Adult discrimination remained stable while peer and everyday discrimination decreased from high school to college. All sources of discrimination weresely tied to psychological rather than academic adjustment in the first semester of college. First-generation college students and those who experienced higher adult discrimination or internalizing symptoms in high school appear to be more susceptible to increased perceptions of discrimination during the college transition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).Memorializes Albert Bandura (1925-2021). Bandura is internationally recognized as one of the world's most influential psychologists. Often compared in significance to Skinner, Freud, and Piaget, he is one of the most frequently cited psychologists of all time. His social cognitive theory of human functioning, emphasizing an agentic perspective toward self-development, adaptation, and change has had a profound effect across psychology, revolutionizing theories of behavior change and shaping education, public health, parenting, clinical health practice, and public policy. He served as President of the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1974 at a time when psychologists were facing negative publicity about the dangers of behavior modification and Nixon administration cuts in funding. He presided over the founding of the Association for the Advancement of Psychology, seeing it as a vehicle to utilize psychological knowledge in developing public policy. Bandura died on July 26, 2021, at his family home. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).Memorializes Robert Sommer (1929-2021). Sommer's enduring commitment, reflected in A Practical Guide to Behavioral Research (1997) coauthored with his wife Barbara, was to evaluate all kinds of environments, from psychiatric institutions to cooperative grocery stores, bicycle paths, farmer markets, and funeral homes. Starting in 1969 with Personal Space The Behavioral Basis of Design, Bob helped usher in a new field, Environmental Psychology. Personal Space was the first of several books that shaped, and continue to shape, the architecture and design professions. In 1963, Bob came to University of California Davis, and in 1965, he became chair of the Psychology Department. Bob brought fresh and innovative thinking not just to his own writing and research, but to administration. Floxuridine It is hard to imagine any other academic being asked by the university to chair and revive three other departments Environmental Design, Rhetoric and Communication, and Art. Bob died February 27, 2021. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).Memorializes David S. Festinger (1962-2021). He was best known for the impacts of his research contributions in the area of substance abuse treatment-particularly around issues of law and ethics. His interest in researching and promoting ethical principles for research participants was strongly influenced by the experiences of his parents, who were both Holocaust survivors. He served as principal or co-investigator on over 20 National Institutes of Health-funded grants and numerous contracts and grants from other funding agencies. Most of Dr. Festinger's career was spent with the Treatment Research Institute in Philadelphia. His final affiliation was with the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, where he conducted research, taught students, and provided clinical supervision to trainees and early career practitioners. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).Group therapy is a ubiquitous treatment modality. And its recent recognition as an APA specialty reflects both its empirical bases of support as a clinical intervention, as well as the decades of work that have gone into establishing competency standards for its practice. The present study seeks to add to this literature by examining how one develops into a group therapist, and how to best train group therapists to meet competencies. Specifically, for those who have achieved "expertness" in the practice of group work, this grounded theory (GT) study explores both how have they done so and how such practitioners, in turn, train and evaluate effectiveness in their group therapy trainees. Through analysis of in-depth interviews with nine peer-nominated expert group therapists, essential components of their development included an emphasis on experiential training, personal therapy, didactic coursework, participating in professional conferences, and simply enjoying group work. The study also identifies common competencies that these experts look for to determine effectiveness among their trainees, as well as how these experts determine their own level of effectiveness (and how these processes differ). Finally, the study proposes an emergent theoretical model as to how one develops a professional identity as a group therapist. Study limitations and implications for practice, training, advocacy, and research are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).Research suggests that sleep deprivation both before and after encoding has a detrimental effect on memory for newly learned material. However, there is as yet no quantitative analyses of the size of these effects. We conducted two meta-analyses of studies published between 1970 and 2020 that investigated effects of total, acute sleep deprivation on memory (i.e., at least one full night of sleep deprivation) one for deprivation occurring before learning and one for deprivation occurring after learning. The impact of sleep deprivation after learning on memory was associated with Hedges' g = 0.277, 95% CI [0.177, 0.377]. Whether testing took place immediately after deprivation or after recovery sleep moderated the effect, with significantly larger effects observed in immediate tests. Procedural memory tasks also showed significantly larger effects than declarative memory tasks. The impact of sleep deprivation before learning was associated with Hedges' g = 0.621, 95% CI [0.473, 0.769]. Egger's tests for funnel plot asymmetry suggested significant publication bias in both meta-analyses. Statistical power was very low in most of the analyzed studies. Highly powered, preregistered replications are needed to estimate the underlying effect sizes more precisely. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).