Proteases decipher the extracellular matrix cryptome

The aim of the present work was to assess the electrogenic activity of bacteria from hydrothermal vent sediments achieved under sulfate reducing (SR) conditions in a microbial fuel cell design with acetate, propionate and butyrate as electron donors.
Two different mixtures of volatile fatty acids (VFA) were evaluated as the carbon source at two chemical oxygen demand (COD) proportions. The mixtures of VFA used were acetate, propionate and butyrate COD 30.50.5 (stage 1) and acetate - butyrate COD 3.50.5 (stage 2). Periodical analysis of sulfate (SO
), sulfide (HS
) and COD were conducted to assess sulfate reduction (SR) and COD removal along with measurements of voltage and current to assess the global performance of the consortium in the system.
Percentage of SR was of 97.5 ± 0.7 and 74.3 ± 1.5% for stage 1 and 2, respectively. The % COD removal was of 91 ± 2.1 and 75.3 ± 9.6 for stage 1 and 2, respectively. Although SR and COD removal were higher at stage 1, in regards of energy, stage 2 presented higher current and power densities and Coulombic efficiency as follows 741.7 ± 30.5μA/m
, 376 ± 34.4μW/m
and 5 ± 2.7%, whereas for stage 1 these values were 419 ± 71μA/m
, 52.7 ± 18μW/m
and 0.02%, respectively. A metagenomic analysis - stage 2 - in the anodic chamber, demonstrated that SR was due to
(
),
and
and the electrogenic microorganisms were
,
,
,
, and families
and
.
It was demonstrated that microorganisms prevenient from hydrothermal vent sediments adapted to a microbial fuel cell system are able to generate electricity coupled to 74.3 ± 1.5 and 75.3 ± 9.6% of SR and COD removal respectively, with a mixture of acetate - butyrate.
It was demonstrated that microorganisms prevenient from hydrothermal vent sediments adapted to a microbial fuel cell system are able to generate electricity coupled to 74.3 ± 1.5 and 75.3 ± 9.6% of SR and COD removal respectively, with a mixture of acetate - butyrate.The present work seeks to investigate the kinetics and thermodynamic studies of ethidium bromide (EtBr) and eosin adsorption onto the synthesized Manganese (II) doped Zinc (II) Sulphide nanoparticles. A convenient scheme of co-precipitation was used for the synthesis of Manganese (II) doped Zinc (II) Sulphide nanoparticles. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffractogram (XRD) techniques were used for the characterization of synthesized nanoparticles. The adsorption study was undertaken in a systematic manner. Effects of different experimental parameters were studied using batch adsorption method. It was evident from the results that EtBr and eosin removal was inversely proportional to the concentration of initial dye and directly proportional to contact time and adsorbent used. To study the adsorption equilibrium three different isotherm models like Langmuir, Freundlich and Flory-Huggins were used. It was observed that adsorption data synced most successfully with Langmuir isotherm model as compared to Freundlich and Flory-Huggins isotherm model. To fit the investigational statistics, the kinetic models pseudo 1st order, pseudo 2nd order and intra particle diffusion were taken onto consideration. The maximum dye removal of 98.19% and 97.16% for EtBr and eosin, was observed during the synthesis of nanoparticles.This study centers on the controllable synthesis, characterization, and application of a novel magnetic bio-metal-organic framework (Bio-MOF) for the adsorption and subsequent removal of arsenic from aqueous solutions. Zinc ions and carnosine (Car) were exploited to construct the Car-based MOF on the surface of magnetite (Fe3O4 NPs). The Magnetite precoating with Car led to an increase in the yield and the uniform formation of the magnetic MOF. The prepared magnetic Bio-MOF nanoparticles (Fe3O4-Car-MOF NPs) had semi-spherical shape with the size in the range of 35-77 nm, and the crystalline pattern of both magnetite and Car-based MOF. The NPs were employed as an adsorbent for arsenic (As) removal. The adsorption analyses revealed that all studied independent variables including pH, adsorbent dose, and initial arsenic concentration had a significant effect on the arsenic adsorption, and the adsorption data were well matched to the quadratic model. The predicted adsorption values were close to the experimental values confirming the validity of the suggested model. Furthermore, adsorbent dose and pH had a positive effect on arsenic removal, whereas arsenic concentration had a negative effect. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies both revealed that As adsorption fitted best to the Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (94.33 mg/g) was achieved at room temperature, pH of 8.5 and adsorbent dose of 0.4 g/L. Finally, the results demonstrated that the adsorbent could be efficiently applied for arsenic removal from aqueous environment.Cerium fluoride (CeF3) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and applied in polysulfone (PS) membrane fabricated by phase inversion method. The produced nanocomposite membranes (PS/CeF3) with different contents of CeF3 NPS (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% w/w) were used to treat pharmaceutical wastewaters. The membranes were characterized by FESEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, porosity, and water contact angle analyses. Evaluation of the characteristics and performance of the nanocomposite membranes confirmed that utilizing photocatalytic CeF3 NPs in membrane structure could effectively decompose organic contaminants in pharmaceutical wastewaters. It also improves the hydrophilicity and antifouling ability of membrane during filtration especially, in the presence of UV irradiation. TDO inhibitor The permeate flux of the PS membrane increased from 35.1 to 63.77 l/m2h by embedding 0.75% of CeF3 NPs in membrane structure due to the porosity enhancement from 71.36-78.42% and the decrease in contact angle from 62.9º to 53.73º. Moreover, the flux decline of PS/CeF3-0.75% membrane under UV irradiation was from 63.6 to 46.1 l/m2h that considerably lower than that of the neat PS membrane (from 34.7 to 4.9). On the other hand, the degradation efficiency of PS/CeF3-0.75% membrane was more than 97%, and COD removed was more than 65% while they were 75% and 31%, respectively for the nascent PS membrane. Therefore, applying the appropriate amount of CeF3 NPs in PS membranes not only greatly increased the permeate flux but also significantly enhanced the degradation efficiency and COD removal. This indicates that nanocomposite membranes can be confidently applied for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment UV irradiation.
Ammonium chloride as an explosive salt has proved to be a prominent activation agent for adsorbents and increase the specific surface area and volume of cavities. In this work, the ability of this substance was scrutinized for activation of carbon aerogel to prepare an efficient adsorbent for benzene removal from air streams.
A carbon xerogel was fabricated from Novallac polymer and activated by ammonium chloride.The changes in structure and morphology were considered via Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses. Also, comprehensive studies were conducted to vouchsafe the properties of the new adsorbent for benzene removal, using a fixed-bed column mode.
The results showed both the successful synthesis and the suitability of the activation process. ACX possessed a higher specific surface area (1008g/m
), compared to the parent carbon xerogel (CX; 543.7g/m
) and organic xerogel (OX; 47g/m
), as well as a higher adsorption capacity.
NH
CL is a very beneficial for modifying the structure and morphology of carbon aerogel, and the dynamic behavior of the column with respect inlet benzene concentration can be explained by Yan-Nelson model.
NH4CL is a very beneficial for modifying the structure and morphology of carbon aerogel, and the dynamic behavior of the column with respect inlet benzene concentration can be explained by Yan-Nelson model.The lower concentration of arsenic in the groundwater is serious health concerns of the people who are continuously taking from their drinking water. In this study, synthetic arsenic-contaminated water was prepared in the laboratory with varying concentrations of arsenic (100 to 1000 μg/L) and treated by nanosize adsorbent (copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs)). The colloidal and powder form of CuO NPs were synthesized in the laboratory by the hydrothermal technique on a large scale and their shape and size were confirmed by XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and HRTEM analysis. It was found 30 ± 2 nm as size and spherical shape. The equilibrium adsorption of As (III) occurred at 90 min of contact time, pH 7.5, and 4 g/L adsorbent dosage. The maximum percent removal of As (III) was reached to 97.8, 94.6, 91.5, and 88.4% at an initial arsenic concentration of 100, 200, 500, and 1000 μg/L, respectively. The adsorption of As (III) followed pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm model. Moreover, the overall cost of the synthesized CuO NPs (including material, operational, manpower, and transport cost with other overhead charges) was Rs. 281.832 g-1, which is lesser than the market price (Rs. 500.018 g-1). Hence, the optimized adsorption design would help for the efficient removal of As (III) from aqueous medium.
Bioaerosols play an important role in incidence of infections in indoor and outdoor air of hospitals. Microorganisms
human beings and they are found everywhere in the environment, including different wards of a hospital. So, quantitative and qualitative analysis of microorganisms is highly important in hospital air. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity and density of bacteria and fungi in the air of Shohadaye Mehrab Hospital in Yazd City, Iran.
Sampling was performed using a single-stage pump (Quick Take30) at a flow rate of 28.3l per minute for five minutes. As a result, 288 indoor and outdoor hospital air samples were collected. Numbers and types of bacterial and fungal colonies were identified using colony morphology, gram staining, and standard microbial tests. Chi-square test, PCA and linear mixed model were run by SPSS version 24.0 for data analysis.
The highest bacterial contaminations were found in the burns ward (294CFU/m
), operating theater (147CFU/m
), and emergency depar a susceptible site for opportunistic microorganisms, even low concentration of fungi/bacteria in air can be considered as a risk factor that facilitates transmission of the infectious agents in the hospital. Therefore, control measures should be taken to reduce the infection hazard in health staff and patients. These measures include ensuring effective ventilation, cleaning and decontaminating surfaces and equipment, restricting the personnel and patient companions' movement across the wards.Measurement and prediction of wastewater quality parameters are crucial for evaluating the risk to the receiving waters. This study presents new methods for the identification of outlier data and smoothing as an effective pre-processing technique prito to modelling. This new data processing method uses a combination of the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and -the adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system with fuzzy C-means clustering (FCM) (ANFIS-FCM). These new pre-processing methodsare compared to previously employed non-linear approaches for modelling of wastewater influent/effluent 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS). Linear modelling of each parameter, 242 linear models, were investigated, and a linear model for each parameter was selected. The results of the non-linear models led to an acceptable prediction for qualitative parameters so that the high coefficient of determination (R 2 ) was observed for the influent and effluent BOD and TSS, respectively.