Smoking cigarettes and also healthcare pupils

in English, Portuguese OBJETIVO Descrever o perfil de comportamento pessoal autorreferido por professores universitários, e verificar a associação destes perfis com a autoavaliação dos aspectos comunicativos e sintomas vocais. MÉTODO Estudo realizado com 334 professores de uma universidade pública que responderam um questionário online referente ao uso da voz na docência. A variável resposta foi a classificação do perfil de comportamento pessoal, identificado em quatro tipos pragmático, analítico, expressivo e afável, e as variáveis explicativas foram autopercepção vocal, recursos vocais e aspectos comunicativos. Foi realizada a análise descritiva dos dados, além dos testes Quiquadrado de Pearson e Exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS Os professores universitários se identificaram mais com os perfis de comportamento pessoal afável e expressivo. De forma geral, os docentes demonstraram boa autopercepção dos aspectos vocais e comunicativos, além de terem relatado poucos sintomas vocais. Os perfis se diferenciaram em algumas variáveis estudadas o pragmático relatou velocidade de fala rápida e, às vezes, realizar contato de olhos; o expressivo demonstrou autopercepção positiva de sua voz e intensidade forte. Professores com perfil analítico autorreferiram percepção negativa da qualidade vocal, intensidade fraca, articulação ruim e velocidade de fala rápida e, entre os demais perfis, foi o que mais relatou sintomas de cansaço na voz e dificuldade para projetar a voz. CONCLUSÃO Professores universitários se identificam predominantemente com os perfis afável e expressivo. A análise da autopercepção do perfil de comportamento pessoal em professores universitários mostra a influência das características da personalidade autorreferidas sobre as habilidades comunicativas em sala de aula.This manuscript includes a comprehensive study of the synthesis and spectroscopic features of 2,5-disilyl boroles. Reacting boron trichloride BCl3 with 2,3-Ph*2-1,4-(SiMe3)2-1,4-dilithiobuta-1,3-diene (Ph* = 3,5-t-Bu2(C6H3)) allowed reliable access to 1-Chloro-2,5-(SiMe3)2-3,4-(Ph*)2-borole in good yields (60%). Unlike 2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl haloboroles, this 2,5-bis-trimethylsilyl substituted chloroborole is thermally stable in solution to up to 130 °C. Metathesis reactions of the chloroborole with metal aryls or of the dilithiobutadiene with arylboron dihalides grant access to 1-Ar-2,5-(SiMe3)2-3,4-(Ph*)2 boroles (Ar = Ph, Mes, Ph*, C6F5). Unlike the generally intensely blue-green 2,3,4,5-tetraaryl boroles, brightly orange/red 2,5-bis-trimethylsilyl substituted boroles reveal blue-shifted π/π*-transitions due to a lack of π-system interaction between borole and 2,5-bound aryls. Light is shed on the synthetic peculiarities for the synthesis of 2,5-disilyl-boroles. While direct treatment of the respective 1,1-dimethyl-stannole with ArBCl2via otherwise well-established B/Sn exchange reactions fails, the selectivity of reactions of 2,3-Ph*2-1,4-(SiMe3)2-1,4-dilithiobuta-1,3-diene with ArBCl2 is solvent dependent and leads to rearranged 3-borolenes in hydrocarbons. Gutmann-Beckett analysis reveal reduced Lewis-acidity of disilylboroles compared to pentaphenyl borole.It is not a simple task to develop techniques for analyzing tricyclic quaternary ammonium alkaloids (TCQAAs) because of the relative polarity and alkalinity of the latter. Moreover, less volatility of these alkaloids prevents the establishment of direct GC methods. Hyoscine N Butyl Bromide (HNBB) is one of the most frequently used antispasmodic TCQAAs. There are many therapeutic uses of HNBB other than in antispasmodic activity. It may be used as an analgesic and local cervical antispasmodic drug in maternity labor. A variety of analytical techniques (colorimetric, spectrophotometric, chromatographic, electrophoretic, and electrochemical techniques) have been reported for HNBB analysis. Moreover, two stability-indicating chromatographic methods have also been developed for the drug. Many multistep colorimetric techniques have been developed for HNBB analysis on two main bases; charge-complex formation and the reduction properties of the drug. No spectrofluorometric methods have been reported for HNBB measuremof the stability study and the presence of mefenamic acid greatly affect the percentage of drug degradation. As a general observation by comparing those two stability methods, strict guidelines for performing stability studies are strongly recommended. Further evaluation of the greenness of all analytical methods for the drug is highly recommended for the choice of more eco-friendly techniques for the safety of the environment.Porous polymer microneedles (MNs) have great potential in transdermal medical applications due to their three-dimensional (3D) porous structures and high porosity. However, existing approaches for the fabrication of such porous polymer MNs are complicated and only applicable to limited types of polymers. Here, we describe a facile yet effective phase inversion route to prepare polymer MNs with highly porous and interconnected pore structures. The fabrication process is simple and mild without involving high temperatures or irradiation, and can be applied to a broad spectrum of commonly used polymers (e.g., cellulose acetate (CA), polysulfone (PSF), polyethersulfone (PES), polylactic acid (PLA), etc.). Thanks to the capillary effect and large cavity given by highly porous and interconnected structures, the resulting porous polymer MNs show the capability of rapidly extracting dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) and efficiently loading/releasing drug compounds. Nocodazole solubility dmso As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the use of these porous CA MNs in the highly efficient extraction of ISF for glucose level detection and administration of insulin for hyperglycemia. Given the recent trend of painless techniques in diagnosis and treatment, the current study provides a new opportunity for the fabrication of MN-based devices for transdermal ISF extraction and drug delivery.Herein we disclosed a one-pot two-step protocol for the first direct, base-catalyzed α-trifluoromethylthiolation of carboxylic acid derivatives by using readily available N-acyl pyrazoles, N-(trifluoromethylthio)phthalimide and a nucleophile such as amines, alcohols and water. Straightforward elaboration of the products to alcohols and triflones expands further the synthetic utility of the process.