Speedy attentional variations on account of vocabulary monolingual vs multilingual wording

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, such as exendin-4 (Ex4), liraglutide and dulaglutide, regulate glucose homeostasis and are thus used to treat diabetes type II. GLP-1 also contributes towards a variety of additional physiological functions, including suppression of reward and improvement of learning. Acute activation of GLP-1R in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell, an area essential for motivation, reduces the motivation to consume sucrose or alcohol when assessed in a simple motor task. However, the effects of repeated administration of the different GLP-1R agonists on behaviours in a more complex motor task are unknown. Linsitinib IGF-1R inhibitor The aim was therefore to investigate the effects of repeated Ex4, liraglutide or dulaglutide on the motivation and learning of a complex motor tasks such as skilled reach foraging in the Montoya staircase test. To explore the neurophysiological correlates of the different GLP-1R agonists on motivation, ex vivo electrophysiological recordings were conducted. In rats with an acquired skilled reach performance, Ex4 or liraglutide but not dulaglutide reduced the motivation of skilled reach foraging. In trained rats, Ex4 infusion into NAc shell decreased this motivated behaviour, and both Ex4 and liraglutide supressed the evoked field potentials in NAc shell. In rats without prior Montoya experience, dulaglutide but not Ex4 or liraglutide enhanced the learning of skilled reach foraging. Taken together, these findings indicate that the tested GLP-1R agonists have different behavioural outcomes depending on the context.
To investigate whether a digital sleep intervention improves child and care giver sleep and psychosocial outcomes.
A total of 120 families with children aged 2-13 years, reporting moderate to severe child behavioural sleep problems, were recruited from a hospital sleep clinic waitlist or the community. Children from non-English speaking families, with known intellectual disability (IQ < 70) or severe medical problems excluded. Tailored behavioural sleep strategies were delivered to primary care givers via a smart phone app and complementary website. Eligible families completed a baseline questionnaire and child 'sleep check' then received the digital sleep intervention for 5 weeks, and then completed a post questionnaire.
care giver report of child sleep as no/mild versus moderate/severe problem over past month (primary outcome); problem child sleep patterns (Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire or Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire), child temperament, care giver mental health (Kessler 6), care giver sleep, health service use for their child's sleep and time off work/activities to access services.
At follow up, care givers reported fewer moderate/severe child sleep problems (84.6-40.7%), improved problem child sleep patterns, better temperament and improved care giver mental health. Care giver sleep quality and quantity remained unchanged. Health service use (averaged over a 6-month period pre- and post-intervention) fell from 18.9% pre- to 14.1% post-intervention.
A digital sleep intervention appears promising in improving sleep in children with moderate/severe behavioural sleep problems, and care giver mental health. It may be a useful alternative to face-to-face management of behavioural sleep problems.
A digital sleep intervention appears promising in improving sleep in children with moderate/severe behavioural sleep problems, and care giver mental health. It may be a useful alternative to face-to-face management of behavioural sleep problems.
The current study examines components of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide as mediators of the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and suicide ideation in college students with elevated depressive symptoms. Specifically, indirect effects of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness were simultaneously evaluated on the association between self-reported ADHD symptoms and suicide ideation, controlling for gender and levels of depression.
Participants were 217 college students with elevated depressive symptoms (M
=20.72years old; SD=3.74) who participated in a larger study on mood and well-being. The sample was predominantly female (77.9% female) and Hispanic (72.7%).
In a multivariate mediation model controlling for gender and depressive symptoms, there were significant indirect effects of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness on the association between self-reported ADHD symptoms and suicide ideation.
Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness may represent promising targets for preventing suicide ideation in individuals with elevated ADHD symptoms.
Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness may represent promising targets for preventing suicide ideation in individuals with elevated ADHD symptoms.Nature employs sulfur switches, that is, redox-active disulfides, to kinetically control biological pathways in a highly efficient and reversible way. Inspired by this mechanism, we describe herein a DNA-based synthetic nanodevice that acts as a sulfur switch and can be temporally controlled though redox regulation. To do this, we rationally designed disulfide DNA strands (modulators) that hybridize to a ligand-binding DNA nanodevice and act as redox-active allosteric regulators inducing the nanodevice to release or load its ligand. Upon reduction, the allosteric modulator spontaneously de-hybridizes from the nanodevice and, as a result, its effect is transient. The system is reversible and has an unprecedented high tolerance to waste products and displays transient behavior for over 40 cycles without significant loss of efficiency. Kinetic control of DNA-based ligand-binding nanodevices through purely chemical reactions paves the way for temporal regulation of more complex chemical pathways.
To disaggregate associations with alcohol use disorder relative to those with early alcohol use stages in an adult population. We estimated prevalence rates and socio-demographic correlates for the opportunity to drink and transitions into life-time alcohol use, regular use and alcohol use disorder.
A retrospective, cross-sectional population survey within a family panel study.
Chitwan in Nepal, an ethnically diverse setting with heterogeneous ethnic restrictions regarding alcohol.
A total of 10 714 individuals aged 15-59 years (response rate=93%).
The Nepal-specific Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed life-time alcohol use opportunity, any use, regular use, disorder and socio-demographic characteristics.
Seventy per cent [95% confidence interval (CI)=69.08-70.82%] of the population had the opportunity to drink, 38.06% (95% CI=37.14-38.99%) had life-time alcohol use, 32.37% (95% CI=31.48-33.27%) had regular alcohol use and 6.04% (95% CI= 5.60-6.50%) developed an alcohol use disorder.