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To investigate the epidemiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) in postmenopausal women and to evaluate the association between age of menopause and AF.
A total of 9117 postmenopausal women were selected from a cross-sectional study conducted among the general population of north-east China from September 2017 and March 2019.
AF was diagnosed according to self-reported medical history of AF and/or current ECG findings. The epidemiology of AF including prevalence, awareness, use of anticoagulants and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women were carefully assessed. The association between age of menopause and AF was evaluated by stepwise logistic regression.
The prevalence of AF was up to 1.1 % (95 % CI, 0.9 %-1.3 %) in postmenopausal women, but the awareness of it was 61.2 %. The proportion of AF patients requiring treatment with an oral anticoagulant (OAC) was as high as 87.8 % according to CHA
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-VASc score, while only 5.8 % of them received it. The prevalence of cardiovascular risks factors was high among postmenopausal women with AF, but awareness, treatment and control of these comorbidities were unacceptably low. Compared with the women with premature menopause (< 45 years), participants reporting onset of menopause at 50-54 years had a significantly lower risk of AF (OR 0.49, 95 % CI 0.27-0.91).
The widespread use of OAC and the control of cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women with AF was of great significance in preventing AF-related stroke. The history of premature menopause provided a reliable opportunity for primary prevention of AF.
The widespread use of OAC and the control of cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women with AF was of great significance in preventing AF-related stroke. The history of premature menopause provided a reliable opportunity for primary prevention of AF.
To examine Chinese middle-aged women's health and wellbeing and the associated biosocial correlates.
This study used a cross-sectional design, including selected retrospectively collected information on the final menstrual period, drawn from the 2013 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Women aged 45 to 59 were selected.
Factor analysis of 16 menopausal symptom ratings yielded four different and independent measures of pre-/peri-menopausal and early postmenopausal women's health. These were negative mood (feel frustrated, sad, lonely, worried, bored, angry, tired and stressed), positive emotions (feel enthusiastic, content and happy), musculoskeletal pain (shoulder/neck pain, knee and other joint pain, and back pain), and sleep and memory problems (trouble sleeping and poor memory).
Menopausal status was positively associated with sleep and memory problems, whilst the number of years since the final menstrual period was positively associated with musculoskeletal pain. In contrast, lifestyle activities and social participation were linked to positive emotions. The association between selected biosocial factors and negative mood was not significant after controlling for other demographic and social background factors.
Musculoskeletal health as well as sleep and memory problems are positively associated with menopausal biological factors amongst Chinese mid-life women. Maintaining active social engagement contributes to positive wellbeing among middle-aged women.
Musculoskeletal health as well as sleep and memory problems are positively associated with menopausal biological factors amongst Chinese mid-life women. Maintaining active social engagement contributes to positive wellbeing among middle-aged women.The aim of this review was to identify the different risk assessment tools that stratify the individual's risk of four of the eight leading causes of death stroke, ischaemic heart diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dementia. It follows part I, which summarized the risk assessment tools for the other four leading causes of death (breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer and osteoporosis). As in part I, the different tools were compared by their variables and validation criteria and an overview table was designed for each illness. The tables facilitate the choice of the adequate risk assessment tool for the individual patient in order to estimate the risk of developing an NCD. This could guide treating physicians in the decision-making process about completing diagnostics for early detection and, if necessary, treatment, such that the patient's quality of life can be preserved and costs to the health care system are minimal.
Despite the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of manganese, only one recent Chinese study has investigated the association between dietary manganese intake and type 2 diabetes.
We recruited 19,862 Japanese men and women in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. selleck chemicals llc The participants completed a food frequency questionnaire at the baseline survey (1988 = 1990) and a diabetes history at both baseline and 5-year surveys. We calculated the odds ratios (95 % CIs) of the 5-year cumulative incidence of self-reported physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes according to quartiles of dietary manganese intake.
Within the 5-year period, we confirmed 530 new cases of type 2 diabetes (263 in men and 267 in women) with a 5-year cumulative incidence of 2.7 % (3.6 % in men and 2.1 % in women). Higher manganese intake was inversely associated with the women's but not the men's cumulative risk of type 2 diabetes over the 5-year period. In a full model adjusted for the participants' characteristics, diabetes risk factors and a wide range of dietary variables, the multivariable odds ratios (95 %CIs) of type 2 diabetes across the increasing quartiles of manganese intake (Q1 to Q4) were 1.00, 0.97 (0.65, 1.43), 1.04 (0.67, 1.61) and 1.10 (0.64, 1.92), p-trend = 0.66 among men and 1.00, 0.74 (0.51, 1.06), 0.62 (0.41, 0.94) and 0.53 (0.31, 0.88), p-trend = 0.01 among women. The association was observed mainly for those with low iron intake in women, particularly premenopausal women.
Strong inverse associations between dietary manganese intake and risk of type 2 diabetes were observed in women but not men.
Strong inverse associations between dietary manganese intake and risk of type 2 diabetes were observed in women but not men.