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To develop and validate a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) method capable of (1) selecting a specific shoulder sagittal MR image (Y-view) and (2) automatically segmenting rotator cuff (RC) muscles on a Y-view. We hypothesized a CNN approach can accurately perform both tasks compared with manual reference standards.
We created 2 models model A for Y-view selection and model B for muscle segmentation. For model A, we manually selected shoulder sagittal T1 Y-views from 258 cases as ground truth to train a classification CNN (Keras/Tensorflow, Inception v3, 16 batch, 100 epochs, dropout 0.2, learning rate 0.001, RMSprop). A top-3 success rate evaluated model A on 100 internal and 50 external test cases. For model B, we manually segmented subscapularis, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus/teres minor on 1048 sagittal T1 Y-views. https://www.selleckchem.com/ After histogram equalization and data augmentation, the model was trained from scratch (U-Net, 8 batch, 50 epochs, dropout 0.25, learning rate 0.0001, softmax). Dice (F1) score determined segmentation accuracy on 105 internal and 50 external test images.
Model A showed top-3 accuracy > 98% to select an appropriate Y-view. Model B produced accurate RC muscle segmentations with mean Dice scores > 0.93. Individual muscle Dice scores on internal/external datasets were as follows subscapularis 0.96/0.93, supraspinatus 0.97/0.96, and infraspinatus/teres minor 0.97/0.95.
Our results show overall accurate Y-view selection and automated RC muscle segmentation using a combination of deep CNN algorithms.
Our results show overall accurate Y-view selection and automated RC muscle segmentation using a combination of deep CNN algorithms.The original publication of this article contains typographical error in Table 5, Row 2.Only a few transcription factors (TFs) regulating which cells of the ovule epidermis differentiate into lint fibres have been identified in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). In this study, the effect on lint yield and fibre quality of over-expressing three TFs in cotton, GhHD-1, GhMYB25 and GhMYB25Like, and their double and triple combinations, were evaluated in field experiments over two seasons. The expression of single or stacked TFs were all driven either by an ovule-specific promoter, FBP 7, or a constitutive promoter, Stunt 7, in a Coker 315 background. TF type, either singly or in combination, was found to be the most significant factor affecting lint yield. Among 64 transgenic lines tested, seven were higher yielding than null segregant lines in one or both seasons and were all from the sets with single and double over-expressed TF combinations. A reduced yield was associated with the set of triple combinations. The two most stable high yielding lines across the seasons recorded 12-22% higher yields than the nulls, although were not competitive to locally adapted commercial controls. Over-expression of TFs singly or in combination did not significantly alter fibre length and strength, but sometimes increased fibre micronaire. There were positive relationships between lint yield and lint percentage and lint yield and fibre density amongst the transgenic lines. Our preliminary results suggest that manipulating TF expression, either singly or in pairs, can increase the density of fibres initiated on developing seeds and fibre yields under field conditions while maintaining overall fibre quality.Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (IVT) is the major cause of sudden cardiac death. Patients with IVT were usually manifested without structural heart disease. In this present study, we performed family-based whole genome sequencing (WGS) and Sanger sequencing for a 5-year-old Chinese boy with IVT and all the unaffected family members in order to identify the candidate gene and disease-causing mutation underlying the disease phenotype. Results showed that a novel heterozygous single-nucleotide duplication (c.128dup) and a novel heterozygous missense (c.3328A > G) variant in ABCA5 gene were identified in the proband. The single-nucleotide duplication (c.128dupT), inherited from his father and patrilineal grandfather, leads to a frameshift which results into the formation of a truncated ABCA5 protein of 50 (p.Leu43Phefs*8) amino acids. Hence, it is a loss-of-function mutation. The missense (c.3328A > G) variant, inherited from his mother, leads to the replacement of isoleucine by valine at the position of 1110 (p.Ile1110Val) of the ABCA5 protein. Multiple sequence alignment showed that p.Ile1110 is evolutionarily conserved among several species indicating both the structural and functional significance of the p.Ile1110 residue in the wild-type ABCA5 protein. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that the ABCA5 mRNA expression levels were decreased in the proband. These two novel variants of ABCA5 gene were co-segregated well among all the members of this family. Our present study also strongly supports the importance of using family-based whole genome sequencing for identifying novel candidate genes associated with IVT.An electrochemical sensor has been developed based on ion imprinted polymer (IIP) and nanoporous gold (NPG) modified gold electrode (IIP/NPG/GE) for determination of arsenic ion (As3+) in different kinds of water. NPG with high conductivity, large specific surface area, and high biocompatibility was prepared by a green electrodeposition method. Then a layer of IIP was synthesized in situ on NPG surface by electropolymerization, in which As3+ was used as template ion and o-phenylenediamine as functional monomer. We used potassium ferricyanide and potassium ferrocyanide chelates as electrochemical probes to generate signals. The electrochemical behavior of IIP/NPG/GE (vs. Ag/AgCl) was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The linear range for As3+ was 2.0 × 10-11 to 9.0 × 10-9 M, and the lower detection limit was 7.1 × 10-12 M (S/N = 3). This newly developed sensor has good stability and selectivity, and has been successfully applied to the As3+ determination of four kinds of water quality.