Time to Protect the near future Decades in the Ubiquitous Microplastics

© 2020 The Author(s).Background and aims Problem gambling and unhealthy alcohol use often co-occur. The current trial sought to establish whether adding a brief online intervention for unhealthy alcohol use to an online problem gambling intervention would lead to improvements in gambling and drinking among those with both of these concerns. Methods Participants were recruited from across Canada using an advertisement targeting those concerned about their gambling who were interested in online help. No mention of unhealthy alcohol use was made in the advertisement. Participants meeting criteria for problem gambling were randomized to either receive just an online intervention for gambling (G-only) or to receive an online gambling intervention plus a brief personalized feedback intervention for unhealthy alcohol use (G + A). Participants were followed up at 3 and 6 months. Results A total of 282 participants were recruited for the trial. Follow-up rates were good (80% and 84% at 3 and 6 months). There were significant reductions in gambling (p  .05) across time or differences between condition. Discussion and conclusion The addition of a brief intervention for unhealthy alcohol use to an online intervention for gambling did not appear to improve either gambling or drinking outcomes among people concerned about their gambling. Further research is merited to examine whether a combined intervention (with gambling and drinking components integrated) might result in improved outcomes and whether such an intervention might benefit the subgroup of participants who would specifically seek help for both gambling and alcohol concerns.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT03323606; Registration date October 24, 2017. © 2020 The Authors.Endopleura uchi, is used for the treatment of inflammatory disease and related to the female reproductive tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of the Endopleura uchi stem bark hydroethanolic extract (EEu) in zebrafish, emphasizing the histopathological and biochemical parameters, as well as evaluating the in silico pharmacokinetic and toxicological parameters of the phytochemical/pharmacological marker, bergenin, as their metabolites. The animals were orally treated with EEu at a single dose of 75 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 3000 mg/kg. the oral LD50 of the EEu higher to the dose of 3000 mg/kg. Behavioral, biochemical and histopathological changes were dose dependent. In silico pharmacokinetic predictions for bergenin and its metabolites showed moderate absorption in high human intestinal absorption (HIA) and Caco-2 models, reduced plasma protein binding, by low brain tissue binding and no P-glycoprotein (P-Gp) inhibition. Their metabolism is defined by the CYP450 enzyme, in addition to bergenin inhibition of CYP2C9, CYP3A4 and CYP2C19. In the bergenin and its metabolites in silico toxicity test it have been shown to cause carcinogenicity and a greater involvement of the bergenin with the CYP enzymes in the I and II hepatic and renal metabolism's phases was observed. It is possible to suggest that the histopathological damages are involved with the interaction of this major compound and its metabolites at the level of the cellular-biochemical mechanisms which involve the absorption, metabolization and excretion of these possible prodrug and drug. © 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a well-known endocrine disruptor and it is ubiquitously distributed in the environment. However, very few studies have investigated the effects of short-term exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations of DEHP during early developmental stages and its chronic effects. This study monitored the long-term effects of transient exposure to DEHP in early life stages (F0 generation) and its subsequent fertilization success in F1 generation using Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes, as model organism. Embryos (4 h post-fertilization, 4 hpf) of Japanese medaka were exposed to 0.001 ppb, 0.1 ppb, or 10 ppb DEHP for 21 days and returned to control water (without DEHP) for maturation (4 months old). At day 9 of the exposure study, mortality was significantly increased in medaka embryos (before hatching) treated with 0.001 ppb and 10 ppb DEHP. Continual exposure of young hatchlings for an additional 12 days (a total of 21 days of exposure) resulted in a significant increase in msh populations negatively. © 2020 The Authors.Background The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of navigation-based varus or axial rotational alignment through knee flexion on patient reported outcomes or the maximum flexion angle of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Methods Data were retrospectively collected from 46 knees that underwent UKA for medial unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis. An image-free knee navigation system was used in all cases, and intraoperative varus and axial rotational alignment at every knee flexion angle were recorded before and after implantation. All patients completed the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at final follow-up. By varus or valgus at 0° knee flexion, the knees were subdivided into two groups (varus at 0° group, varus above the median value; neutral at 0° group, varus equal to or below the median value). By varus or valgus at 90° knee flexion, patients were similarly subdivided into two groups (varus at 90° group; neutral at 90° group). The maximum knee flexion angle was measured 3 months after surgery. Results There were no differences in the KOOS between the neutral at 0° group and the varus at 0° group. However, the KOOS activity score (79 ± 17 vs 69 ± 16, p = 0.02) and the KOOS total score (72 ± 17 vs 65 ± 15, p = 0.03) of the neutral at 90° group were better than those of the varus at 90° group. The alignment and the maximum knee flexion angle 3 months after surgery were not correlated. Conclusion Varus at 0° knee flexion and axial rotational alignment did not affect the clinical outcomes of UKA. Patient reported outcomes was better for the neutral knees with less varus at 90° knee flexion than for varus knees. Vorinostat © 2020 Asia Pacific Knee, Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine Society. Published by Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd.