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R0 resection was achieved. Based on the pathological findings, the final diagnosis of CoCC was determined and eight courses of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy were administered. At 14months after the operation, the patient was alive without tumor recurrence.
Downsizing chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin may be an effective treatment strategy in locally advanced CoCC. Further evidence is required to establish an optimal strategy for the treatment of locally advanced CoCC.
Downsizing chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin may be an effective treatment strategy in locally advanced CoCC. Further evidence is required to establish an optimal strategy for the treatment of locally advanced CoCC.Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a highly effective therapy for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), with ~15% 1-year recurrence rate. Small studies have identified variable risk factors associated with FMT failure. We, therefore, performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the predictors of FMT failure. A systematic search of Medline, Embase, and Web of Science was performed from January 2013 up to June 2020. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models and pooled adjusted odds ratios for risk factors reported in ≥2 studies were calculated. Overall, 2671 patients with recurrent CDI who underwent FMT in 12 studies were included. FMT failure occurred in 454 patients (16.9%) with median follow-up of 3 months (range 2-7.7 months). A total of 9 risk factors were identified in ≥2 studies. Meta-analysis showed that use of non- CDI antibiotics, presence of inflammatory bowel disease, poor quality of bowel preparation, CDI-related hospitalization before FMT, inpatient FMT, and severe CDI were associated with statistically significant increased risk of failure after FMT. Increasing age, female gender, and immunocompromised status were not associated with increased risk for FMT failure. Several risk factors (both modifiable and non-modifiable) are associated with FMT failure. Lower use of antibiotics in the post-FMT period and good bowel preparation at the time of FMT are associated with lower risk of failure after FMT. Additionally, patients with non-modifiable risk factors should be counseled to be particularly alert about recurrent symptoms after FMT.The Babinski sign, named after Joseph François Félix Babiński (1857-1932), is one of the most important in clinical neurology. It refers to the upward movement of the great toe following stimulation of the foot sole and is associated with a dysfunction of the pyramidal tract. The BS was recognized and adopted by neurologists all over the world immediately after its first description. In 1899, this sign was first introduced to the Italian scientific community at two different medical meetings. Some opinions on its clinical value and underlying pathophysiology were discordant, possibly reflecting suboptimal diagnostic accuracy of the first observations. Giovanni Mingazzini (1859-1929) first suggested that the BS reflects a complex mechanism emerging in patients with pyramidal tract dysfunction, whereas Giovanni Boeri (1867-1946) emphasized that the BS can be elicited if the neuromuscular structures underlying it are intact. Although some of their opinions eventually proved wrong, early Italian neurologists further contributed to the advancement in the understanding of this phenomenon.
Technological advances and greater availability of magnetic resonance imaging have prompted an increment on incidental and unexpected findings within the central nervous system. The concept of radiologically isolated syndrome characterizes a group of subjects with images suggestive of demyelinating disease in the absence of a clinical episode compatible with multiple sclerosis. Since the description of this entity, many questions have arisen; some have received responses but others remain unanswered. A panel of experts met with the objective of performing a critical review of the currently available evidence. Definition, prevalence, biological bases, published evidence, and implications on patient management were reviewed. Thirty to 50% of subjects with radiologically isolated syndrome will progress to multiple sclerosis in 5 years. Male sex, age < 37 years old, and spinal lesions increase the risk. These subjects should be evaluated by a multiple sclerosis specialist, carefully excluding alternative diagnosis. An initial evaluation should include a brain and complete spine magnetic resonance, visual evoked potentials, and identification of oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid. Disease-modifying therapies could be considered when oligoclonal bands or radiological progression is present.
At present time, radiologically isolated syndrome cannot be considered a part of the multiple sclerosis spectrum. However, a proportion of patients may evolve to multiple sclerosis, meaning it represents much more than just a radiological finding.
At present time, radiologically isolated syndrome cannot be considered a part of the multiple sclerosis spectrum. However, a proportion of patients may evolve to multiple sclerosis, meaning it represents much more than just a radiological finding.
To compare the quality of images viewed through an extended depth of focus (EDF) intraocular lens (IOL) to that through multifocal or monofocal IOL.
Experimental study METHODS EDF IOL (Symfony
, ZXR00V, Johnson & Johnson Vision), diffractive multifocal (ZLB00, + 3.25D or ZMB00, + 4.0D), or monofocal (ZCB00V) IOL with a spherical power of + 20.0 diopter (D) was placed in a fluid-filled model eye with corneal aberrations similar to those of human eyes. A United States Air Force Resolution Grating Target was glued to the posterior surface of the model eye and viewed through a flat contact lens, a 60D or 128D wide-angle non-contact lens (Resight
) or wide-angle contact lens (MiniQuad
). PF-07321332 The contrast of the grating images recorded with the EDF and multifocal IOLs were compared to those through the monofocal IOL.
The grating images viewed through the flat contact lens were slightly blurred when viewed through the EDF IOL but clearer than those through the multifocal IOLs with very blurred images in the periphery.