Utilizing BODIPY nanomaterials with regard to improved tumor photothermal therapy

The fluoride-sensitive indica rice cultivar, IR-64 was subjected to NaF-treatment for 25 days, following which RNA-Seq analysis identified significant up and down regulation of 1,303 and 93 transcripts respectively. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis classified transcripts into groups related to 'cellular part', 'membrane', 'catalytic activity', 'transporter activity', 'binding', 'metabolic processes' and 'cellular processes'. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed fluoride-mediated suppression of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling. Instead, the gibberellin-dependent pathway and signaling via ABA-independent transcription factors (TFs) was activated. Comparative profiling of selected DEGs in IR-64 and fluoride-tolerant variety, Khitish revealed significant cytoskeletal and nucleosomal remodelling, accompanied with escalated levels of autophagy in stressed IR-64 (unlike that in stressed Khitish). Genes associated with ion, solute and xenobiotic transport were strongly up regulated in stressed IR-64, indicating potential fluoride entry through these channels. On the contrary, genes associated with xenobiotic mobility were suppressed in the tolerant cultivar, which restricted bioaccumulation and translocation of fluoride. Pairwise expression profile analysis between stressed IR-64 and Khitish, supported by extensive statistical modelling predicted that fluoride susceptibility was associated with high expression of genes like amino acid transporter, ABC transporter2, CLCd, MFS monosaccharide transporter, SulfT2.1 and PotT2 while fluoride tolerance with high expression of Sweet11.Spatial and seasonal distribution of PAHs, source identification, and their associated carcinogenic health risk was investigated in street dust of Durgapur, India. Street dust is an important indicator to detect the quality of the environment as well as the sources of pollutants. The obtained results showed fluctuation in PAHs concentrations from 2317 ± 402 ng/g to 5491 ± 2379 ng/g along with the sampling sites. Seasonal variation revealed higher PAHs concentrations in the winter season (5401 ± 993 ng/g) with the maximum presence of 4-ring PAHs. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) exposed that the sites, seasons and site-season interactions were vividly affected by dissimilar PAHs. The PAHs source identification was investigated by principal component analysis (PCA), positive matrix factorization (PMF), diagnostic ratios, and they revealed pyrogenic, diesel, gasoline, wood and coal combustion to be the key sources of the PAHs in street dust. Obtained results from incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model exhibited the carcinogenic risk for children ranged from 2.4E-06 to 3.8E-06 while 2.1E-06 to 3.4E-06 for adults which were above the baseline value 1.0E-06. The Monte Carlo simulation model identified cumulative cancer risk of sixteen PAHs in 50th percentile were 2.8 and 1.7 times more while in 95th percentile, the values were 8.8 and 7.8 times higher than the acceptable value of 1E-06 for child and adult respectively.Covid19-induced lockdown measures caused modifications in atmospheric pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions. Urban road traffic was the most impacted, with 48-60% average reduction in Italy. This offered an unprecedented opportunity to assess how a prolonged (∼2 months) and remarkable abatement of traffic emissions impacted on urban air quality. Six out of the eight most populated cities in Italy with different climatic conditions were analysed Milan, Bologna, Florence, Rome, Naples, and Palermo. The selected scenario (24/02/2020-30/04/2020) was compared to a meteorologically comparable scenario in 2019 (25/02/2019-02/05/2019). NO2, O3, PM2.5 and PM10 observations from 58 air quality and meteorological stations were used, while traffic mobility was derived from municipality-scale big data. NO2 levels remarkably dropped over all urban areas (from -24.9% in Milan to -59.1% in Naples), to an extent roughly proportional but lower than traffic reduction. Conversely, O3 concentrations remained unchanged or even increased (up to 13.7% in Palermo and 14.7% in Rome), likely because of the reduced O3 titration triggered by lower NO emissions from vehicles, and lower NOx emissions over typical VOCs-limited environments such as urban areas, not compensated by comparable VOCs emissions reductions. PM10 exhibited reductions up to 31.5% (Palermo) and increases up to 7.3% (Naples), while PM2.5 showed reductions of ∼13-17% counterbalanced by increases up to ∼9%. Higher household heating usage (+16-19% in March), also driven by colder weather conditions than 2019 (-0.2 to -0.8 °C) may partly explain primary PM emissions increase, while an increase in agriculture activities may account for the NH3 emissions increase leading to secondary aerosol formation. This study confirmed the complex nature of atmospheric pollution even when a major emission source is clearly isolated and controlled, and the need for consistent decarbonisation efforts across all emission sectors to really improve air quality and public health.Macro (BC), colloidal (CBC) and nanobiochar (NBC) were examined for the particle size effect for adsorptive removal of oxytetracycline (OTC) and co-occurring nutrients, which are present in synthetic hydrolyzed human urine. The surface morphologies and functionality of biochars were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Experiments for the removal of OTC were performed at the natural pH (pH 9.0) of hydrolyzed human urine using solid-solutions of 3 types of chars (1 g/L) with a contact time of 5 h, at initial OTC concentration of 50 mg/L where isotherm experiments were investigated with OTC concentrations from 25 to 1000 mg/L. The highest maximum adsorption capacity of 136.7 mg/g was reported for CBC, while BC reported slightly low value (129.34 mg/g). read more Interestingly, NBC demonstrated a two-step adsorption process with two adsorption capacities (16.9 and 113.2 mg/g). Colloidal biochar depicted the highest adsorption for NH4+, PO43-, and SO42- nutrients.