Validity associated with Fitbit activity checking regarding adults together with modern muscle diseases

5%) and stable online (36.3%)] and an unstable trajectory [unstable online land-based (12.1%)]. The second trajectory included online poker players at baseline who transitioned to land-based poker. Number of gambling activities increased the odds of being in the first trajectory as compared to the others. Severity of gambling problems was a significant predictor of the second "unstable" or the third "stable online" trajectories, but not for the first "stable land-based" poker trajectory. The majority of poker players remained in either the land-based or online trajectories over two years. No poker players transitioned from land-based to online poker.Introduction Being constantly connected on social media is a "way of being" among adolescents. However, social media use can become "problematic" for some users and only a few studies have explored the concurrent contribution of social context and emotion regulation to problematic social media use. The current study aimed to test (i) the influence of friends (i.e., their social media use and group norms about social media use); and (ii) the effects of difficulties in emotion regulation and so-called "e-motions" on adolescents' problematic social media use. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Italian secondary schools. An online questionnaire was administered to 761 adolescents (44.5% females; Mage = 15.49 years; SDage = 1.03). Results Path analysis showed that social norms were directly associated with problematic social media use and friends' social media use was associated with the frequency of social media use, which, in turn, was associated with problematic use. Difficulties in emotion regulation were directly and indirectly linked to problematic social media use via frequency of use and facilitating use of e-motions. Conclusions These findings provide support for the importance of both peer influence and emotion regulation in this context. Social norms and emotion regulation should be considered in prevention programs addressing problematic social media use in adolescents.Introduction To advance the use of alcohol metabolites as biomarkers in the context of alcohol research, the present study tested the sensitivity and specificity of a commercially available urinary ethyl glucuronide (uEtG) test (DrugConfirm Advanced 80hr EtG) in a clinical research context. Methods A community sample of heavy drinkers (N = 68) completed the 30-day Timeline Follow-Back (TLFB) interview and provided a urine sample for uEtG analysis. Analyses of sensitivity and specificity of the uEtG assay were conducted using the following outcomes (a) past day drinking, (b) past day binge drinking (defined as ≥4 drinks for women and ≥5 drinks for men), (c) past 3-day drinking, and (d) past 3-day binge drinking. Results The majority of participants reported past-3-day drinking (80.9%) and a sizeable minority reported past day drinking (33.8%). While uEtG-based detection of past day drinking and binge drinking was acceptable (sensitivity = 73.91%, and 83.33%; specificity = 80.00% and 66.13%, respectively), detection of any drinking and binge drinking in the past 3 days was poor (sensitivity and specificity of 43.64% and 84.62%, and 39.39% and 62.86%, respectively). Conclusions This study contributes to the mixed findings on the validity of EtG tests, which suggest that commercial uEtG tests with conservative detection thresholds are not a reliable alcohol biomarker without corroborating self-report data. Lower detection thresholds are recommended when using uEtG as an alcohol biomarker. Efforts to reach acceptable levels of sensitivity and specificity with commercial assays hold potential to advance the measurement of alcohol intake, overcoming the pitfalls of self-report data.Background Emergence of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in the past decade has the potential to undermine the global tobacco control efforts and undo the successes achieved to date. There are also concerns that e-cigarettes may become a gateway for future tobacco use and its use is increasing globally. There is no published evidence on this issue from Myanmar. JTZ-951 Hence, we aimed to assess prevalence of e-cigarette use among tobacco smokers and its associated socio-demographic factors in six states and regions of Myanmar. Methods This was a secondary analysis of data collected as part of a programme evaluation conducted by the National Tobacco Control Programme of Myanmar in 2018, which involved sampling 100 smokers from each state/region. We used modified Poisson regression to measure associations. Results There were 629 tobacco smokers included in the programme evaluation. Among them, 246 (39.2%, 95% CI 24.0%-56.7%) smokers reported that they had heard of e-cigarettes and 73 (11.6%, 95% CI 5.1%-24.3%) reported having ever used e-cigarettes. There was no e-cigarette use among female smokers. The prevalence of e-cigarette use was significantly higher among males, students, young adults aged 18-29 years, heavy smokers (greater than 20 cigarettes per day) and those who lived in the Mandalay region. Conclusion Our study provides preliminary evidence about e-cigarette use in Myanmar and fills an important knowledge gap. One limitation was small sample size, which is reflected by wide confidence intervals around the estimate. We recommend a national survey to obtain precise and nationally representative information.Introduction In England, the use of electronic cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid has become more popular than any other aid. Previous research suggests that ex-smokers from lower social groups are more likely to use e-cigarettes compared to ex-smokers from more socially advantaged groups. The present study aimed to assess the association between baseline education, income and employment status and (1) baseline motivation to stop using e-cigarettes (2) attempts to stop using e-cigarettes during follow-up among current smokers, recent ex-smokers and long-term ex-smokers who use e-cigarettes. Methods UK online longitudinal survey of smokers, ex-smokers and e-cigarette users, May/June 2016 (baseline) and September 2017 (follow-up). In logistic regression models, motivation to stop using e-cigarettes at baseline (n = 994) and attempts to stop using e-cigarettes at follow-up (n = 416) among current smokers and ex-smokers were regressed onto baseline educational attainment, income, employment status while adjusting for baseline demographics, vaping status, smoking and e-cigarette dependence.